Swimmer’s ear, medically known as otitis externa, is an infection affecting the outer ear canal, the passage leading from the ear opening to the eardrum. This common condition often arises when moisture becomes trapped in the ear, creating an environment conducive to microbial growth. This article provides practical, at-home strategies for managing and alleviating the discomfort associated with swimmer’s ear.
Understanding Swimmer’s Ear
Swimmer’s ear develops when water remains in the ear canal, softening the skin and washing away protective earwax. This creates an ideal breeding ground for bacteria to thrive. Physical irritation or injury to the skin lining the ear canal, from inserting objects, can introduce pathogens and infection. Exposure to chemicals like shampoo or hair dye can irritate the ear canal and increase infection risk.
Symptoms include ear pain, which may intensify when the earlobe is gently pulled or the outer ear is moved. Also common are itching inside the ear, redness, and swelling of the outer ear or ear canal. Clear or yellowish discharge may occur, and hearing can feel muffled or reduced due to swelling.
Effective Home Treatment Methods
For mild cases of swimmer’s ear, home treatment methods can manage symptoms and recovery. A homemade ear drop solution, consisting of equal parts white vinegar and rubbing alcohol, can be effective. This mixture dries the ear canal and inhibits bacterial and fungal growth. To apply, tilt the affected ear upward and instill a few drops, allowing the solution to sit for a minute before tilting the head to drain it out. This remedy should only be used if the eardrum is intact and not punctured.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help reduce discomfort and inflammation associated with the infection. These medications can be taken as directed on the packaging to alleviate ear pain. A warm compress or heating pad held against the ear can also offer some relief from pain.
Keep the affected ear dry during treatment. Avoid swimming and minimize water exposure during showers by using a shower cap or cotton balls coated with petroleum jelly. Avoid inserting cotton swabs, fingers, or any other objects into the ear canal, as this can irritate the skin, push the infection deeper, or delay healing.
When to Seek Professional Medical Care
While home remedies can be helpful for mild cases, it is important to recognize when professional medical attention is necessary. You should consult a doctor if the ear pain becomes severe, or if it spreads to the face, neck, or side of the head. The presence of a fever or pus-like, foul-smelling discharge from the ear also indicates a need for medical evaluation.
Seek a doctor if you experience redness or swelling that spreads beyond the ear itself, or sudden hearing loss. If symptoms do not improve, or worsen after a few days of home treatment, seek professional advice. A healthcare provider can accurately diagnose the condition and prescribe appropriate treatments, such as antibiotic ear drops, which are often necessary for full recovery.
Preventing Recurrence
After a swimmer’s ear infection has resolved, proactive measures can prevent recurrence. Thoroughly dry ears after water exposure. After swimming or showering, tilt the head to each side to drain water, then gently dry the outer ear with a soft towel. A hairdryer set on the lowest, coolest setting can also be used, held at least 12 inches away from the ear, to evaporate residual moisture.
Earplugs designed for swimming provide a barrier against water entering the ear canal. They are beneficial for those who spend significant time in water or are prone to swimmer’s ear. Also, avoid inserting foreign objects into the ear canal, as this can damage protective skin and increase infection risk. For those with recurring issues, over-the-counter preventative ear drops that help dry the ear canal can be used after water activities, but confirm no eardrum perforation before use.