Cracked lip corners, medically known as angular cheilitis, are inflammation and irritation at one or both corners of the mouth. This common condition can lead to painful cracks, redness, and discomfort. While often not serious, angular cheilitis can be bothersome and affect individuals of all ages.
Understanding the Causes of Cracked Lip Corners
Cracked lip corners often result from saliva accumulation at the mouth’s angles, leading to persistent moisture. This prolonged moisture can dry out the skin, causing cracks and susceptibility to infection. Digestive enzymes in saliva can also irritate the skin, causing contact dermatitis.
Once the skin barrier is compromised, opportunistic infections, often by the fungus Candida albicans, can take hold. Bacterial superinfections with Staphylococcus or Streptococcus species may also occur. Mechanical factors such as ill-fitting dentures, misaligned teeth, or habits like lip licking and thumb-sucking can contribute to moisture accumulation and skin irritation.
Nutritional deficiencies, especially in iron and B vitamins (e.g., riboflavin, cyanocobalamin, folate), are linked to angular cheilitis, accounting for up to 25% of cases. Certain irritants, including toothpastes, cosmetics, or excessive mouth washing, can trigger the condition. Underlying medical conditions like diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, or immune system disorders can increase susceptibility due to compromised immune function or altered glucose levels that favor yeast growth.
Practical Strategies for Healing
Healing cracked lip corners involves a multi-pronged approach focused on immediate relief. Keeping the affected area clean and dry prevents further irritation and inhibits microbial growth. Gently patting the corners dry after eating or drinking can help manage excess moisture.
Applying a protective barrier, such as petroleum jelly or specialized lip balms, shields against saliva and external irritants, allowing the skin to heal. This barrier also moisturizes the dry, cracked skin. For suspected fungal or bacterial involvement, over-the-counter antifungal creams like clotrimazole or miconazole are recommended, typically used two to three times daily for one to two weeks. If a bacterial infection is suspected, an antibiotic ointment like mupirocin may be prescribed, sometimes alongside an antifungal.
A low-potency topical steroid, such as 1% hydrocortisone ointment, can reduce inflammation and pain, used in combination with an antifungal cream. While not direct treatments for infection, home remedies like aloe vera or coconut oil can provide moisture and comfort. A balanced diet rich in iron and B vitamins supports overall skin health and addresses potential nutritional deficiencies. Throughout healing, avoid picking or irritating the area to prevent worsening symptoms or delayed recovery.
Preventing Future Occurrences and When to Seek Medical Advice
Preventing cracked lip corners involves addressing their underlying causes. Avoiding habits such as chronic lip licking and ensuring proper fit of dentures or orthodontic appliances can reduce moisture accumulation and mechanical irritation. Maintaining good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, helps to minimize the presence of bacteria and fungi in the mouth.
Consistent moisturization of the lips, especially in dry or windy conditions, prevents the skin from cracking and becoming vulnerable. A balanced diet rich in essential nutrients like B vitamins, iron, and zinc supports skin integrity and immune function, reducing susceptibility. Protecting lips from excessive sun and wind also maintains their health.
If home remedies and over-the-counter treatments do not improve within one to two weeks, or if symptoms worsen with increased pain, redness, swelling, or pus, seek medical advice. Recurrent angular cheilitis, spreading infection, or suspected underlying medical conditions like diabetes or an immune deficiency also warrant professional evaluation. A healthcare provider can accurately diagnose the cause, which may involve swabbing the area for microbial testing or blood tests for nutritional deficiencies, and then prescribe targeted treatments.