An ingrown fingernail occurs when the edge of the nail grows into the surrounding skin, rather than over it. This common condition causes significant discomfort, making everyday tasks painful. While often treatable at home, understanding its causes and proper care is important for symptom relief and prevention. Ingrown nails typically heal on their own, but more severe cases might require medical attention.
Understanding Ingrown Fingernails
Ingrown fingernails develop for several reasons, often due to improper nail care. Improper nail care, such as trimming nails too short or rounding corners, can encourage the nail to grow into the skin. Trauma or injury to the nail, such as slamming a finger, can alter nail growth, leading to an ingrown nail. Activities causing frequent nail pressure, like extensive typing or using hand tools, may cause abnormal nail curvature. Natural nail curvature or nail biting can contribute.
Symptoms typically include pain, tenderness, redness, and swelling around the affected nail. If untreated, the area might show signs of infection, such as increased swelling, severe pain, or pus.
At-Home Healing Methods
For mild ingrown fingernails, several home remedies can alleviate discomfort and encourage healing. Soaking the affected finger in warm water, with salt, for 15 to 20 minutes, two to three times daily, softens the skin and reduces swelling. After soaking, gently dry the finger and carefully lift the nail edge. Placing a small, clean piece of cotton or dental floss under the ingrown edge helps separate the nail from the skin, guiding its growth over the skin. Replace this cotton or floss daily to maintain hygiene.
To prevent infection, apply an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment after soaking and lifting the nail. Cover the area loosely with a clean bandage for protection. For pain, over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can reduce discomfort and inflammation. During healing, continue to cut nails straight across, avoiding cutting them too short to prevent worsening the condition. Maintain overall hand hygiene by keeping the area clean and dry for effective healing.
When Professional Help is Needed
While many ingrown fingernails can be managed at home, certain signs indicate professional medical attention is needed. If the pain intensifies, or if redness, swelling, or pus drainage worsens despite home care, it suggests a developing infection. A fever or red streaking on the skin also signals a more serious infection requiring immediate medical evaluation.
Individuals with underlying health conditions like diabetes, poor circulation, or a compromised immune system should seek professional help promptly for any ingrown nail. These conditions increase the risk of severe complications, such as deep-seated infections or bone inflammation. If home remedies do not show improvement within a few days, or if ingrown fingernails are a recurring problem, consult a healthcare provider to identify the root cause and determine appropriate treatment.
Preventing Future Ingrown Fingernails
Preventing ingrown fingernails involves consistent and proper nail care. Always trim fingernails straight across, avoiding cutting them too short or rounding the corners. Leaving a slight white edge visible beyond the fingertip guides proper growth. Using clean, sharp nail clippers also reduces the risk of irregular cuts and injury.
Avoid picking or tearing nails, as this creates jagged edges prone to growing into the skin. Regular moisturizing of hands and nails contributes to overall nail health, making them less susceptible to damage. For activities causing repeated trauma or pressure to fingernails, wearing protective gloves can minimize injury and prevent ingrown nails.