Mouth blisters, also known as canker sores, are fluid-filled sores that cause discomfort inside the mouth. These lesions can appear on the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, or the roof of the mouth. While often a minor irritation, they can make everyday activities like eating and speaking challenging. This article offers guidance on managing and healing these oral irritations.
Immediate Home Care
Non-medicinal methods can provide relief and support healing for mouth blisters. A saltwater rinse can reduce inflammation and promote healing due to salt’s natural antiseptic properties. To prepare, dissolve about one teaspoon of salt in one cup of warm water and swish the solution around the mouth for 30 seconds before spitting it out, repeating this several times a day.
Applying a baking soda paste or using a baking soda rinse can also offer soothing benefits. Baking soda helps neutralize acids in the mouth, which can irritate blisters. A paste can be made by mixing baking soda with small drops of water until a thick consistency is achieved, then gently applied directly to the affected area. Alternatively, dissolving one teaspoon of baking soda in half a cup of warm water creates a rinse that can be swished and spit out multiple times daily.
Ice application provides temporary pain relief by numbing the area and can help reduce swelling. Wrap a small ice cube in a paper towel and gently hold it over the sore, being careful not to apply ice directly to the skin. Modify your diet by avoiding spicy, acidic, or abrasive foods like citrus fruits, salty snacks, and crunchy items that can irritate the blister. Opt for soft, bland foods. Maintain gentle oral hygiene, brushing carefully around the blister to prevent further irritation. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water also supports healing.
Over-the-Counter Healing Aids
Commercial products can help manage and heal mouth blisters. Topical gels and creams often contain ingredients like benzocaine, a local anesthetic that provides temporary pain relief by numbing the affected area. These products are applied directly to the blister and can offer immediate comfort.
Oral patches are another option, designed to create a protective barrier over the blister. This barrier shields the sore from further irritation caused by food, drink, or oral friction, thereby promoting a more conducive environment for healing. Some patches are dissolvable films that adhere to the ulcer and provide pain relief.
Antiseptic mouthwashes, specifically alcohol-free varieties, can help keep the blistered area clean without causing additional irritation or a burning sensation. These rinses often contain ingredients like hydrogen peroxide or zinc, which aid in wound cleansing and managing inflammation. For general discomfort, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help alleviate overall pain associated with mouth blisters.
When Professional Help is Needed
Most mouth blisters resolve on their own, but some signs indicate a need for professional medical attention. Consult a dentist or doctor if a blister persists for longer than 7 to 10 days without healing, or if it increases in pain or size despite home care.
Signs of infection, such as increased redness, the presence of pus, fever, or swollen lymph nodes, require immediate medical consultation. Frequent recurrence of mouth blisters may also signal an underlying issue, like a vitamin deficiency or an immune system response, which a healthcare provider can investigate. If the blister impairs eating or speaking, or if it accompanies other body symptoms like a widespread rash or flu-like symptoms, see a doctor.
Preventing Future Blisters
Preventing mouth blisters involves identifying and avoiding triggers. Stress is a common factor, so incorporating stress reduction techniques into daily life can be helpful. Avoid acidic, spicy, or abrasive foods that can irritate oral tissues and trigger blisters, reducing recurrence.
Maintain good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, to keep the mouth healthy and less prone to sores. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush can prevent accidental injury to the delicate oral lining during brushing. For those with braces or dentures, ensure these appliances fit properly and use orthodontic wax to prevent friction-related blisters.
Nutritional considerations also play a role in prevention. Deficiencies in certain vitamins, such as B12, iron, or folate, have been linked to recurrent mouth blisters. A balanced diet can help ensure adequate nutrient intake. If deficiencies are suspected, a healthcare professional can advise on supplements or dietary adjustments.