Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) is a widely appreciated herb in global cuisine, known for its distinctive, fresh, citrusy, and peppery flavor. The leaves are called cilantro, while the seeds are coriander. This dual identity makes it versatile, valued for both its vibrant foliage and aromatic seeds, and a staple in Mexican, Indian, and Southeast Asian cooking.
Cultivating Cilantro
Planting and Site Selection
Cilantro thrives in cooler temperatures, making early spring after the last frost or fall ideal planting times. Direct sowing is preferred due to its delicate taproot. Plant seeds 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep and 1 to 2 inches apart. Once seedlings emerge, thin them to about 6 inches apart for healthy leaf development.
Cilantro needs full sun, benefiting from partial shade in hotter climates to avoid intense afternoon sun. Aim for six hours of direct sunlight daily. The soil should be well-drained, loose, rich in organic matter, and have a slightly acidic pH (6.2-6.8). Incorporating aged compost improves soil quality. For a continuous supply, sow new seeds every three to four weeks.
Ongoing Care
Consistent moisture is important for cilantro, especially during germination and establishment. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, as excessive moisture can lead to early bolting. Deep watering once a week is often sufficient, though this varies by climate and soil type. Mulching helps retain soil moisture and keeps roots cool, deterring premature bolting.
Cilantro is not a heavy feeder, especially in organic-rich soil. If needed, apply a light, balanced, water-soluble fertilizer once or twice during the growing season, particularly when plants are about 2 inches tall. Over-fertilizing can negatively impact flavor. Regular weeding prevents competition for nutrients and water.
Harvesting Techniques
Cilantro is ready for harvest 30 to 45 days after seeding, when plants reach 6 to 8 inches and have several true leaves. To encourage continuous growth, use the “cut and come again” method. Harvest larger, outer leaves first, snipping stems about an inch from the soil surface. Avoid taking more than one-third of the plant at a time to ensure continued foliage production.
If you need a large quantity, cut the entire plant a few inches above the base; however, this prevents further regrowth. For optimal flavor, harvest cilantro in the morning after the dew has dried.
Culinary Uses and Storage
Cilantro leaves offer a fresh, bright flavor, a staple in Mexican dishes like salsa and tacos, and frequently found in Indian curries and Southeast Asian soups. The leaves are best used fresh, often added at the end of cooking or as a garnish, as heat can diminish their flavor.
Proper storage extends cilantro’s freshness. Place stems upright in a glass with an inch of water, loosely cover with a plastic bag, and refrigerate, changing water every few days; this keeps it fresh for up to a month. Alternatively, wrap cilantro in a damp paper towel and place in an airtight container in the refrigerator for one to two weeks.
For longer storage, blend cilantro with a little olive oil and freeze in ice cube trays. Once frozen, transfer cubes to a freezer-safe bag for use in cooked dishes.
Managing Cilantro Challenges
The primary challenge when growing cilantro is its tendency to “bolt,” meaning it prematurely flowers and goes to seed. This is triggered by warming temperatures (typically 70s Fahrenheit) or environmental stress like insufficient water or light. Once cilantro bolts, its energy shifts to seed development, and leaves become more bitter and less flavorful.
While bolting is natural and cannot be entirely prevented, several strategies can delay it. Plant cilantro in cool seasons (early spring or fall) to avoid heat. Provide partial shade during hot parts of the day, especially in warmer climates, to keep plants cooler.
Consistent watering is important, as water stress induces bolting; keep soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Choose “slow-bolt” varieties like ‘Calypso’, ‘Slo Bolt’, or ‘Leisure’ to extend the leaf harvest. Regular harvesting also encourages foliage production and can slightly delay bolting.