King Taro, scientifically known as Colocasia esculenta, is a tropical plant primarily cultivated for its large, starchy corms. It is commonly referred to as giant taro or elephant ear taro due to its substantial heart-shaped leaves. This perennial herb has been cultivated for thousands of years, holding significant importance as a food source in various cultures. While valued for its edible corms, King Taro also adds a lush, exotic aesthetic to gardens with its dramatic foliage.
Cultivating King Taro
Site Selection and Soil
King Taro thrives in warm, humid environments, favoring locations that receive full sun to partial shade. In hotter climates, a spot with afternoon shade can help protect its large leaves from scorching. The plant performs best in rich, loamy soil that retains moisture and drains well. An ideal soil pH range for King Taro is between 5.5 and 7.0. Amending the soil with ample organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, improves soil quality.
Planting and Spacing
King Taro is propagated from corms or cormels, which are smaller offsets from the main corm. These should be planted a few centimeters (5 cm or 2 inches) below the soil surface. Adequate spacing is important to accommodate the plant’s large size, with recommendations ranging from 40-60 cm (1.3-2 feet) between plants and 100 cm (3.3 feet) between rows. The optimal planting time is during frost-free periods, with best growth occurring when soil temperatures are between 20°C and 35°C (68°F and 95°F).
Watering and Fertilizing
Consistent moisture is essential for King Taro, as it naturally grows in moist to wet conditions. The soil should remain consistently damp but not waterlogged. Mulching around the plants helps to retain soil moisture and suppress weeds. For optimal growth, King Taro benefits from regular fertilization; a balanced fertilizer or one with higher phosphorus and potassium content can promote healthy corm development. Fertilization can occur two to three times during the growing season.
Temperature and Humidity
King Taro requires consistently warm temperatures for thriving growth. Ideal temperatures range from 20°C to 38°C (68°F to 100.4°F), with temperatures consistently above 15°C (59°F) being preferred. The plant is sensitive to cold and requires protection from frost, as cooler temperatures can negatively impact corm development. High humidity levels are also beneficial for King Taro. In drier climates or indoor settings, misting the foliage or using a humidifier can help maintain the necessary humidity.
Harvesting King Taro
King Taro corms are ready for harvest between 7 to 12 months after planting. A primary indicator of maturity is when the plant’s leaves begin to yellow and die back. Harvesting involves carefully digging around the base of the plant to loosen the soil and extract the corms without causing damage. Harvest on a dry day to minimize the risk of fungal infections in the harvested corms. After harvesting, King Taro corms do not store well for extended periods.
Culinary Uses of King Taro
King Taro is a versatile root vegetable; both its corms and sometimes its leaves are used culinarily. The corms are starchy and can be prepared like potatoes, including boiling, roasting, mashing, or frying, and are a staple in many cuisines. The leaves, when used, are typically cooked like spinach. King Taro must be cooked thoroughly before consumption due to the presence of oxalic acid, which can cause irritation if eaten raw. Prolonged cooking helps to break down the oxalic acid and tenderize the plant material.
Common Issues and Solutions
Watering and Soil Issues
Inadequate watering or poorly draining soil can lead to root rot. Ensure proper drainage and water only when the top inch of soil feels dry.
Nutrient Deficiencies
Nutrient deficiencies, such as nitrogen deficiency, can cause yellowing of older leaves and stunted growth. Applying an appropriate fertilizer can correct these imbalances.
Pests and Diseases
Pests like aphids and spider mites can infest King Taro, causing damage to foliage. Regular inspection of plants and the use of insecticidal soaps or neem oil can help control these populations. Fungal diseases, such as taro leaf blight and Pythium root and corm rot, can also affect plants. Selecting disease-free planting material, maintaining good air circulation, and avoiding overhead watering can help prevent these issues. Removing dead or damaged leaves also assists in preventing the spread of fungal infections.