How to Grow and Care for White Bermuda Onion

White Bermuda onions are a distinct sweet onion variety, known for their mild flavor and flattened globe shape. Also called Crystal Wax, this heirloom onion has been cultivated in Bermuda since the 1600s. Valued by gardeners and cooks for its versatility, it’s a favored choice for those seeking a gentle onion essence.

Distinguishing Characteristics

White Bermuda onions are known for their remarkably mild, sweet taste, making them pleasant for raw consumption. Unlike many other varieties, they lack the strong pungency that causes eye irritation when sliced. Their crisp, juicy texture and distinctive flattened globe shape, typically 3 to 4 inches in diameter, add to their appeal. Visually, they have thin, papery, bright white skin encasing equally white flesh. This combination makes them a preferred choice for salads, sandwiches, and garnishes.

Growing White Bermuda Onions

Soil and Site Preparation

White Bermuda onions thrive in full sun, needing at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight daily. They prefer well-drained, loose, and fertile soil. Incorporate aged manure or compost into the garden bed months before planting to improve soil structure and fertility. The ideal soil pH ranges from 6.0 to 6.8, supporting robust root development.

Planting Guidelines

White Bermuda onions are short-day varieties, bulbing when daylight reaches 10 to 12 hours, making them ideal for southern regions. Plant in late winter, four to six weeks before the last frost, or in early spring once soil is workable and temperatures are above 28°F (-2°C). Space sets or transplants 6 inches apart in rows 12 to 18 inches apart, burying them about 1 inch deep. If direct sowing seeds, plant 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep; thin seedlings to 3 to 4 inches apart for proper bulb development.

Ongoing Care

Consistent moisture is important, especially during dry periods; water about once a week if rainfall is inadequate. As heavy feeders, these plants benefit from fertilization. Apply a balanced fertilizer at planting, followed by nitrogen-based fertilizers as they grow. Regular weeding is essential to reduce competition for nutrients and water. Be aware of pests like onion thrips and maggots, and diseases such as pink root.

Harvesting

Harvest White Bermuda onions when their tops begin to yellow and fall over, signaling the plant has stopped growing and is redirecting energy to the bulb. This typically occurs when 85-90% of the tops have flopped. Gently loosen soil around bulbs with a pitchfork before carefully pulling them up by their tops, avoiding bruising. Harvest in dry weather to prevent rot; if wet, move them to a protected, well-ventilated area immediately.

Culinary Applications

The mild, sweet flavor and crisp texture of White Bermuda onions make them exceptionally versatile. They are frequently used raw in salads, sandwiches, and as garnishes, enhancing other ingredients without overpowering them. Their high sugar content allows them to caramelize beautifully when cooked, developing an even sweeter profile.

These onions add depth to cooked dishes like soups, stews, and sauces. They are suitable for roasting, grilling, or sautéing, and can be incorporated into recipes such as French onion soup, onion tarts, or various relishes. Their delicate flavor also makes them a good choice for pickling or for use in fish chowder.

Storage and Preservation

White Bermuda onions have a shorter storage life than more pungent varieties, typically lasting about two months under ideal conditions. Store them in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, ideally 45-55°F (7-13°C). Maintain humidity around 65-70% to prevent shriveling or mold.

Keep onions in darkness to deter sprouting, ensuring good air circulation with mesh bags or ventilated crates. Avoid plastic bags, which trap moisture and accelerate spoilage. Do not store with potatoes, as they release moisture and gases that can cause onions to spoil faster.

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