Water pennywort is a versatile, easy-to-grow aquatic or semi-aquatic plant. This perennial features distinctive round, bright green leaves and thrives in various environments such as ponds, aquariums, and bog gardens. Its adaptability and attractive appearance make it popular for adding lush greenery to water features.
Essential Care Requirements
Water pennywort thrives in moderate to high light, though it adapts to lower levels. Aim for at least 4-6 hours of light daily, using full-spectrum LED or fluorescent lights indoors if needed. Consistent moisture is crucial, whether fully submerged or in perpetually damp soil.
In aquatic environments, water pennywort benefits from water temperatures between 68-82°F (20-28°C) and a pH range of 6.0-7.5. It tolerates a range of water hardness levels, making it adaptable to many setups. For substrate, it roots in sand, gravel, or specialized aquatic substrates, and can also thrive floating. In bog or terrestrial settings, a rich, consistently moist potting mix, such as sand, loam, and clay, is ideal.
Water pennywort obtains nutrients from both the water column and the substrate, absorbing excess nutrients like nitrates and phosphates. Supplementing with a balanced liquid fertilizer supports vigorous growth, especially in nutrient-poor environments. While not strictly necessary, CO2 supplementation can further enhance its growth and vibrancy in aquatic tanks.
Managing Growth and Maintenance
Due to its rapid growth, regular pruning manages water pennywort and prevents it from becoming overly dense or invasive. Trimming back excessive growth helps maintain the desired shape, encourages bushier development, and prevents it from outcompeting other plants. This also ensures adequate light and water circulation for the entire plant.
To control its spread, especially in ponds or aquariums, periodically remove portions of the plant. In outdoor settings, containing it within specific areas prevents it from overrunning the water feature. Regularly observing the plant for signs of stress, like discolored leaves or stunted growth, allows for timely adjustments to care, maintaining overall plant health.
Propagating Water Pennywort
Propagating water pennywort is straightforward, primarily through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem and cut a 4-6 inch section, ensuring it includes at least one leaf node where new roots will emerge. Remove any lower leaves to prevent decay once submerged.
Cuttings can be floated, submerged, or planted directly into moist substrate. Roots typically sprout within weeks, and once about an inch long, cuttings can be transplanted to their permanent location. This plant roots easily and produces new plants, making propagation highly successful.
Addressing Common Issues
Yellowing or melting leaves on water pennywort can indicate several underlying issues. Nutrient deficiencies, like a lack of iron or nitrogen, can cause leaves to yellow, often starting at the edges. Sudden environmental changes, insufficient light, or water parameter imbalances also contribute to leaf discoloration and deterioration. Adjusting fertilization, ensuring consistent water quality, and providing adequate light can help resolve these symptoms.
Stunted growth or legginess often points to insufficient light levels or inadequate nutrient availability. Increasing light intensity or supplementing with appropriate fertilizers can encourage more vigorous and compact growth. In aquatic settings, excessive algae on leaves can occur, often due to nutrient imbalances or too much light. Maintaining good water quality, proper nutrient levels, and moderate water circulation can help mitigate algae issues.