The Velvet Calathea, or Calathea rufibarba, is a distinctive houseplant known for its elongated, wavy green leaves with a unique velvety texture and reddish-purple undersides. Commonly called “Furry Feather Calathea,” its soft, tactile appeal is notable. Native to the Brazilian rainforests, it brings a tropical aesthetic to any indoor space, admired for its foliage rather than its inconspicuous yellow flowers. Its leaves exhibit nyctinasty, a daily movement where they fold upwards at night and unfurl in the morning, shared with other “prayer plants.”
Velvet Calathea Environmental Needs
Light
Velvet Calatheas thrive in bright, indirect light, mimicking their natural habitat beneath a dense rainforest canopy. Placing the plant near an east or north-facing window provides suitable conditions, offering gentle morning light without harsh intensity. Direct sunlight can scorch its delicate leaves, causing them to fade or develop crispy, brown edges. Too little light may cause the vibrant colors of the foliage to diminish and new growth to appear leggy.
Watering
Maintaining consistent soil moisture is important, though it should never be waterlogged. Allow the top inch of soil to dry slightly before watering again, once or twice a week. Overwatering can lead to yellowing leaves and root rot, while underwatering results in drooping or curling leaves and crispy brown edges. Using filtered, distilled, or rainwater is preferred, as this plant is sensitive to the chlorine and fluoride often found in tap water, which can contribute to leaf browning.
Humidity
High humidity is important, ideally around 60% or more, to replicate its native rainforest environment. Low humidity is a common cause of brown leaf tips and edges. To increase ambient humidity, you can use a humidifier, place the pot on a pebble tray filled with water, or group the plant with other humidity-loving plants. Bathrooms and kitchens often provide naturally higher humidity levels, making them suitable locations.
Soil and Potting
A well-draining, moisture-retentive potting mix is suitable for Velvet Calatheas. A peat-based soil with added perlite or vermiculite can improve drainage and aeration while retaining adequate moisture. Ensuring the pot has drainage holes is important to prevent water from accumulating at the bottom, which can lead to root rot.
Temperature
Velvet Calatheas prefer warm temperatures, ideally ranging between 18°C to 24°C (65°F to 75°F). They can tolerate slightly warmer conditions up to 30°C (86°F) in summer but should not be exposed to temperatures below 18°C (65°F), as cold damage can be irreversible. Placing the plant away from drafty windows, air conditioning vents, or heating elements helps maintain a stable environment. Consistent temperatures promote healthy growth and prevent stress-related issues.
Fertilizing
During the active growing season, spring and summer, fertilize your Velvet Calathea every 4 to 6 weeks. Use a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer diluted to half or quarter strength to avoid root burn, as Calathea roots are sensitive. A fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10 is recommended. Reduce or cease fertilization entirely during fall and winter when the plant’s growth naturally slows.
Ongoing Maintenance
Repotting
Repotting a Velvet Calathea is needed every 1 to 2 years, or when the plant becomes root-bound, indicated by roots growing out of the drainage holes. Spring is the best time for repotting, before the plant enters its active growth phase. Choose a new pot that is only one or two inches larger in diameter than the previous one, as a pot that is too large can hold excess moisture and lead to root rot. When repotting, use fresh, well-draining soil and handle the roots gently.
Pruning
Velvet Calatheas require minimal pruning, primarily for aesthetic purposes and plant health. You can remove any yellowing, browning, or dead leaves by cutting them cleanly at the base of the plant using sterile scissors. This encourages the plant to direct its energy towards new, healthy growth. Pruning is best done in spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Browning Leaf Edges
Browning leaf edges on a Velvet Calathea are caused by insufficient humidity, tap water sensitivity, or underwatering. Increasing the humidity around the plant with a humidifier or pebble tray, and switching to filtered or distilled water, can help prevent this issue. Ensuring consistently moist, but not soggy, soil also mitigates browning.
Curling Leaves
Curling leaves signal stress from underwatering, low humidity, or cold temperatures. When the soil becomes too dry, the leaves curl inwards as a protective mechanism to conserve moisture. A lack of ambient humidity causes the leaves to curl, indicating the plant is attempting to reduce water loss through transpiration. Providing consistent moisture, increasing humidity, and protecting the plant from cold drafts will help the leaves uncurl.
Pest Infestations
Velvet Calatheas are relatively resistant to major pests but can be affected by spider mites, mealybugs, and aphids. Spider mites are indicated by fine webbing and can cause speckled or yellowing leaves. Mealybugs appear as white, cottony masses in leaf axils or on undersides of leaves. Regular inspection, especially of the undersides of leaves, helps in early detection. Prompt treatment with insecticidal soap or neem oil can manage and eliminate these pests.