The Tree Philodendron, scientifically known as Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum, formerly Philodendron selloum or bipinnatifidum, is a popular choice for indoor plant enthusiasts. It features large, deeply lobed, and glossy green leaves that can grow quite expansive, contributing a lush, tropical aesthetic to any interior space.
Essential Care for Your Tree Philodendron
Light
Tree Philodendrons thrive in bright, indirect light, mimicking their natural habitat beneath a tree canopy. Placing the plant near an east or west-facing window, or in a spot with filtered light, provides ideal conditions. Direct sunlight, particularly harsh afternoon sun, can scorch the plant’s leaves, causing yellow-brown spots or bleached areas. Conversely, insufficient light can cause leggy growth with elongated stems and sparse, smaller leaves.
Watering
Water the Tree Philodendron when the top one to two inches of soil feel dry to the touch. The soil should remain consistently moist but never waterlogged, as poor drainage can lead to root rot. Underwatering can cause leaves to droop, turn yellow with brown edges, or develop crispy tips. When watering, apply water slowly until it drains from the bottom of the pot, and then empty any excess water from the saucer after about 30 minutes to prevent standing water.
Soil Requirements
A well-draining, rich, and loamy soil mix that is high in organic matter provides the best growing environment for Tree Philodendrons. An ideal soil pH range is between 6.0 and 6.5. A suitable potting mix can be created by combining components such as peat, perlite, orchid bark, and organic compost. This blend promotes aeration and moisture retention while preventing waterlogging, which is crucial for healthy root development.
Temperature and Humidity
Tree Philodendrons prefer warm and humid environments, with ideal temperatures ranging from 65°F to 85°F (18°C to 29°C). They are sensitive to cold and should be protected from temperatures below 60°F (15°C) and sudden drafts, which can cause stress or leaf drop. High humidity levels, ideally between 60% and 80%, are beneficial for this tropical plant. To increase humidity indoors, misting the leaves regularly, placing the plant on a pebble tray, or using a room humidifier are options. Grouping plants together can also create a more humid microclimate.
Fertilization
During its active growing season (spring and summer), the Tree Philodendron benefits from regular feeding. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer, such as a 20-20-20 NPK formula, monthly or every 4-6 weeks, to support vigorous growth. Dilute liquid fertilizers to half the recommended strength to prevent nutrient burn. Reduce or halt fertilization during fall and winter when growth slows. Over-fertilizing can damage the delicate root system and cause leaf burn.
Managing Growth and Form
Pruning
Pruning a Tree Philodendron helps manage its size and shape, removes yellowing or dead leaves, and encourages bushier growth. Dead or discolored leaves should be cut close to the base using clean, sharp pruning shears. This practice not only improves the plant’s appearance but also allows it to direct energy toward new, healthy growth. Tree Philodendrons are resilient and tolerate significant pruning to maintain a desired form.
Repotting
Repotting becomes necessary when the Tree Philodendron outgrows its container, indicated by roots emerging from drainage holes, stunted growth, or degraded soil. Spring is an optimal time for repotting, aligning with the plant’s active growth period. When selecting a new pot, choose one that is only slightly larger, one to two inches wider in diameter, than the current one. This prevents the soil from holding too much excess moisture, which could lead to root issues. During repotting, fresh, well-draining soil should be used, and any dead or unhealthy roots can be carefully trimmed.
Providing Support
As Tree Philodendrons mature, their heavy, large leaves and developing tree-like trunks may require additional support. While younger plants might grow upright, older specimens can benefit from structural assistance. Common methods for providing support include using sturdy stakes or moss poles. These supports help anchor the plant, preventing it from toppling over and allowing it to maintain its upright form as it continues to grow.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Leaf Discoloration
Leaf discoloration in Tree Philodendrons often signals underlying issues with care. Yellowing leaves can result from overwatering, which suffocates roots and impairs nutrient uptake, or from a nutrient deficiency, requiring a balanced fertilizer. Browning tips or edges on leaves commonly point to low humidity, underwatering, or a buildup of salts from tap water. Addressing these issues involves adjusting watering practices, increasing ambient humidity, or using filtered water to prevent mineral accumulation.
Pest Infestations
Tree Philodendrons can occasionally be susceptible to common houseplant pests such as spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects. Regular inspection of the leaves, particularly the undersides, helps in early detection of these pests. General treatment methods include wiping the affected areas with a damp cloth, applying neem oil, or using insecticidal soap to manage and eradicate infestations.
Drooping Leaves
Drooping leaves can be a confusing symptom as they can indicate both underwatering and overwatering. When underwatered, leaves may droop and feel dry or crispy, while overwatered plants will have drooping, often yellowing, leaves with saturated soil. Temperature stress, such as exposure to cold drafts, can also cause leaves to droop. Diagnosing the cause involves checking soil moisture levels and the plant’s environment to determine the appropriate corrective action, whether it’s adjusting the watering schedule or moving the plant to a more stable temperature.
Propagating Tree Philodendron
Propagating Tree Philodendrons from stem cuttings is an effective way to create new plants. To do this, select a healthy stem and make a clean cut below a node, ensuring the cutting has at least two to three leaves and a couple of nodes. A node is a crucial point on the stem where roots can emerge.
Once the cutting is prepared, it can be rooted in water or a suitable rooting medium. For water propagation, place the cutting in a glass of water, ensuring the node is submerged while keeping the leaves above the waterline. Change the water every few days to maintain cleanliness. Roots should begin to form from the nodes within a few weeks, and once they are several inches long, the cutting can be transplanted into a well-draining potting mix.
Alternatively, cuttings can be planted directly into a rooting medium like perlite, sphagnum moss, or a light potting mix, ensuring at least one node is buried. Keep the medium consistently moist and place the cutting in a warm spot with indirect light to encourage rooting.