Tiger lilies (Lilium lancifolium or Lilium tigrinum) are vibrant perennial flowers, notable for their downward-facing orange blooms adorned with distinct dark spots, resembling a tiger’s coat. These striking plants typically reach 3 to 5 feet tall, making a bold statement in any garden. Originating from East Asia, their eye-catching appearance and robust nature have made them a popular and resilient choice for many landscapes.
Planting Tiger Lilies
Plant tiger lily bulbs in fall or early spring. Choose a location with at least six hours of direct sunlight daily, though some afternoon shade is acceptable in hot climates. The soil should be well-draining and enriched with organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure to improve fertility and structure. If your soil is heavy clay, amending it with sand or peat moss can significantly enhance drainage.
Dig holes approximately 4 to 6 inches deep, placing bulbs with the pointed end facing upward. Space bulbs 8 to 12 inches apart to prevent overcrowding and ensure air circulation. After placing the bulbs, cover them with soil and gently press down to remove any air pockets. Thoroughly water the area after planting.
Essential Care Requirements
Light
Tiger lilies flourish in locations that receive ample sunlight, requiring a minimum of six hours of direct sun exposure daily for optimal growth and abundant flowering. While they can tolerate some partial shade, particularly in regions with intense afternoon heat, excessive shade can lead to weaker stems and reduced bloom production. Adequate light supports energy production, contributing to vigorous growth.
Water
Consistent moisture is important for tiger lilies, especially throughout their active growing season from spring to early summer. Deeply water the plants about once a week, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. Avoid overwatering or leaving the bulbs in waterlogged conditions, as this can lead to bulb rot. During hot or dry periods, increase watering frequency to maintain soil moisture.
Soil
Tiger lilies thrive in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. An ideal soil pH ranges from slightly acidic to neutral, typically between 6.0 and 6.5. Incorporating compost, aged manure, or leaf mold can significantly improve soil structure and provide essential nutrients. Good drainage is crucial to prevent detrimental moisture accumulation around the bulbs.
Fertilizer
Tiger lilies do not require heavy fertilization; they are not particularly demanding feeders. A light application of a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 formula, in early spring can support healthy growth and blooming. Alternatively, applying compost around the base of the plants every six months can provide sufficient nutrition. Avoid over-fertilization, as it can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
Maintenance and Common Issues
Pruning and Deadheading
Removing spent blooms, known as deadheading, helps redirect the plant’s energy from seed production back into the bulb. This practice encourages the plant to store more energy for the following season’s growth and enhances its appearance. Snip off faded flowers just below the flower head, taking care not to remove healthy foliage. The leaves continue to absorb sunlight and nutrients, which are vital for the bulb’s development.
Once all leaves have yellowed and died back naturally, typically in late summer or early fall, cut the stems down to ground level. Leaving the foliage intact until it yellows ensures the plant has maximized its energy storage for winter dormancy. Timely removal of dead or diseased stems also helps maintain plant vigor and appearance.
Pests and Diseases
Tiger lilies are generally resilient, but can encounter pests and diseases. Common pests include aphids, manageable with a strong jet of water or insecticidal soap. Lily beetles are also a concern. Proper air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases like botrytis blight.
Tiger lilies can carry lily mosaic virus without showing significant symptoms, though they can transmit it to other lily varieties. This virus can cause distorted and mottled blooms in more sensitive lily types. Maintaining healthy growing conditions, including appropriate spacing and watering, contributes to overall plant health and disease prevention.
Winterizing Tiger Lilies
Preparing tiger lilies for the dormant season helps ensure their return in subsequent years. Once the foliage has completely yellowed and died back, typically in late fall, cut the stems down to ground level. This signals the plant’s entry into dormancy and tidies the garden bed.
In colder climates, applying a 2 to 3-inch layer of mulch (e.g., straw, shredded leaves, or bark chips) over the planting site provides insulation. This protective layer helps regulate soil temperature and prevents the bulbs from freezing and thawing repeatedly, which can cause damage. While tiger lilies are hardy and generally do not require lifting in most zones, container-grown plants should be moved to a cool, frost-free location for winter.