The Tiger Jaw succulent, Faucaria tigrina, is known for its distinctive appearance. Its common name comes from the fleshy, triangular leaves that feature soft, tooth-like serrations along their edges, resembling an animal’s open jaw. Native to South Africa, this perennial succulent grows in low rosettes and is a popular choice for both indoor and outdoor cultivation due to its low-maintenance nature. With proper care, these slow-growing plants can thrive for many years.
Essential Care Requirements
Light
Tiger Jaw succulents require at least six hours of bright, direct sunlight daily to flourish and bloom. Indoors, a south-facing window is an ideal location. If moving the plant from a lower-light environment to intense sun, gradual acclimation is important to prevent sunburn, which appears as brown or white spots on the leaves.
Watering
Correct watering is crucial, as Tiger Jaw succulents are highly susceptible to overwatering. Use the “soak and dry” method: water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom, then allow the soil to dry completely before the next watering. Water more frequently during the spring through fall growing season, but significantly reduce watering during winter dormancy. Mushy or blackening leaves indicate overwatering, while shriveling suggests underwatering.
Soil
Tiger Jaw succulents thrive in extremely well-draining, porous soil to prevent root rot. A specialized succulent or cactus potting mix is suitable, or create a homemade blend using two parts potting soil with one part fine pumice or perlite and sand to enhance drainage.
Temperature and Humidity
Tiger Jaw succulents prefer warmer temperatures, ideally between 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C) during the day. They are not frost-hardy and should be brought indoors if temperatures fall below 50°F (10°C). They prefer low humidity and good air circulation to prevent fungal issues.
Fertilization
Fertilization requirements for Tiger Jaw succulents are minimal. During their active growing season (spring through fall), fertilize once or twice. Apply a diluted liquid succulent fertilizer, or a balanced houseplant fertilizer diluted to half or quarter strength, every four to six weeks. Avoid fertilizing during winter dormancy.
Potting and Repotting
Pot Selection
Select a pot with ample drainage holes to prevent water pooling and root rot. Terracotta pots are often recommended due to their porous nature, which allows for better air circulation and moisture evaporation. These succulents have small root systems and can be grown in shallow containers.
Repotting Frequency and Timing
Tiger Jaw succulents are slow growers and do not require frequent repotting. Repot every one to three years, or when the plant has outgrown its container or the soil has degraded. The best time to repot is during their active growing season, in spring or early summer.
Repotting Process
When repotting, ensure the soil is dry to minimize stress and root damage. Gently remove the plant from its old pot and place it into a new, slightly larger pot, using fresh, well-draining succulent soil. After repotting, refrain from watering for about a week to allow the roots to acclimate.
Propagating Tiger Jaw Succulents
Offset Propagation
Propagating Tiger Jaw succulents is straightforward, primarily through separating offsets, also known as pups. These small plantlets sprout around the base of the main plant. The active growing season, from late spring to early summer, is the ideal time for propagation.
To propagate, carefully remove the plantlets from the parent plant. Allow the cut surfaces to dry and form a callus for one to two days before planting to prevent rot. Plant each callused offset in a lightly moist, well-draining succulent or sandy potting mix. Water sparingly until new roots develop, and gradually introduce them to brighter light as they establish.
Other Propagation Methods
While propagation from leaf cuttings is possible, it is more challenging and less common than using offsets. Growing Tiger Jaw succulents from seeds is also an option, but it is a much slower process.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Overwatering
Overwatering is a frequent issue, leading to root rot. Symptoms include leaves turning mushy, soft, or blackening at the base. To prevent this, ensure the soil dries completely between waterings. If rot is detected, reducing watering immediately can sometimes save the plant, and removing affected parts may be necessary.
Underwatering
Underwatering can also cause distress. If leaves appear shriveled or wrinkled, it indicates a lack of moisture. A thorough watering after the soil has completely dried out should help it recover.
Insufficient Light (Etiolation)
Insufficient light can cause leggy growth, known as etiolation. This results in stretched, elongated stems as the plant reaches for more light, and leaves may appear paler. Moving the plant to a brighter location with more direct sunlight can correct this issue and encourage compact growth.
Sunburn
Sudden exposure to intense sunlight can lead to sunburn. This manifests as brown or white spots or crispy edges on the leaves. Gradual acclimation to brighter light helps prevent sunburn.
Pests
Tiger Jaw succulents are generally resistant to pests, but can occasionally be affected by mealybugs, spider mites, or aphids. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation, such as sticky residue or visible insects. If pests are found, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil.