The plant commonly known as the “pig plant” is botanically identified as Portulacaria afra. It is also recognized as Elephant Bush, Spekboom, and Porkbush. Its popularity as a houseplant has grown due to its attractive appearance and low maintenance requirements. As a succulent, it stores water in its fleshy leaves and stems.
What is the Pig Plant
Portulacaria afra, or the pig plant, is distinguished by its small, rounded, fleshy leaves and often reddish, woody stems. These succulent characteristics allow it to store water efficiently, contributing to its drought tolerance. The plant earns its “pig plant” moniker from its edibility; in its native South African habitat, animals like elephants and pigs readily consume its leaves, which are rich in nutrients and moisture.
This plant exhibits a naturally bushy, upright growth habit, though it can also trail in hanging baskets. Its succulent nature and resilience make it a versatile plant. Portulacaria afra is commonly used in bonsai cultivation due to its small leaves and ease of shaping, and it serves as an excellent landscape plant in warmer, frost-free climates.
Caring for Your Pig Plant
Light Needs
The pig plant thrives in bright light, tolerating full sun outdoors in non-excessively hot climates. Indoors, a south-facing window provides ideal bright, indirect light. Protect the plant from intense, scorching afternoon sun, especially during peak summer heat, to prevent leaf burn.
Watering
Water Portulacaria afra using the “soak and dry” method. Thoroughly water the plant until it drains from the pot bottom, then allow the soil to dry completely before the next watering. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so ensure the soil is dry several inches deep. During cooler winter months, reduce watering frequency as the plant’s water needs decrease.
Soil Requirements
A well-draining soil mix prevents waterlogged roots for the pig plant. A specialized succulent or cactus potting mix is ideal, formulated for quick drainage. If unavailable, amend regular potting soil with perlite or coarse sand. The mix should allow excess water to escape rapidly, ensuring optimal root health.
Temperature and Humidity
Portulacaria afra prefers warm temperatures and is sensitive to cold, especially frost. Ideal growing temperatures range from 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C). It tolerates slightly cooler temperatures but requires protection below 40°F (4°C) to prevent damage. Average household humidity levels are sufficient, as the plant does not require high humidity, aligning with its natural arid habitat.
Fertilizing
The pig plant is not a heavy feeder and requires minimal fertilization. During its active growing season in spring and summer, apply a diluted liquid succulent fertilizer sparingly. Over-fertilization can harm the plant. Avoid fertilizing entirely during fall and winter when the plant’s growth naturally slows.
Propagating Your Pig Plant
Propagating Portulacaria afra is straightforward, primarily through stem cuttings with a high success rate. Take a healthy stem cutting at least 3-4 inches long with several sets of leaves. Allow the cut end to “callus” or dry for a few days to a week to prevent rot. Once dried, plant the cutting in a well-draining succulent or cactus potting mix. Keep the soil lightly moist; roots should form within a few weeks, establishing a new plant.
Troubleshooting Common Pig Plant Problems
Yellow or mushy leaves indicate overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Allow the soil to dry completely and adjust your watering schedule. Shriveled or crispy leaves signal underwatering; increase watering frequency, ensuring a thorough soak each time. Leggy or sparse growth, characterized by long, stretched stems with few leaves, suggests insufficient light. Moving your Portulacaria afra to a brighter location will encourage more compact growth. Common succulent pests like mealybugs or aphids can be managed by wiping them off with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol or by applying insecticidal soap or neem oil directly to affected areas.