The Mexican Lily, also known as Sprekelia formosissima or Aztec Lily, is a striking bulbous perennial. Celebrated for its unique, showy blooms, it adds dramatic beauty to gardens. Despite its common name, it is not a true lily, but a member of the Amaryllis family, sharing kinship with plants like amaryllis and daffodils. Its captivating form and rich color make it a desirable addition for gardeners.
Identifying the Mexican Lily
The Mexican Lily is recognized by its brilliant red flowers, up to 6 inches across. Each bloom has a unique shape, often compared to an orchid or a Maltese cross, with three broad upper petals that spread and curve backward, and three lower petals partly fused and rolled into a cylindrical form. While scarlet to deep crimson, some varieties may display pink hues or lighter midribs. These flowers emerge singly on sturdy, hollow stems that reach about a foot in height.
Blooming occurs from late spring to early summer, though re-blooming may happen in the fall. Individual flowers are short-lived, lasting only a few days before wilting. Long, dark-green, strap-like leaves emerge from the bulb around the same time as the flowers. These leaves initially grow in an upright rosette before flopping over as they lengthen. The plant forms small clumps, reaching 6 to 12 inches in height and 5 to 6 inches in width.
Cultivating and Caring for Mexican Lilies
Mexican Lilies thrive in full sun, though they tolerate partial shade, especially in regions with intense summer heat. They grow best in well-draining, slightly alkaline or neutral soil. A loamy or sandy composition, possibly mixed with rocky elements, is beneficial. Proper drainage prevents water accumulation around the bulbs, which can lead to rot.
During the active growing season, Mexican Lilies require moderate, consistent watering. Water them every one to two weeks, ensuring the soil is moist but not waterlogged. As foliage fades and the plant approaches dormancy, reduce watering significantly, keeping the soil almost dry.
In colder climates, the bulbs are tender and hardy to USDA Zones 8 through 11. Outside these zones, lift bulbs in the fall before the first frost and store them in a dry, frost-free location between 41 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Alternatively, grow them in containers and move indoors for winter protection.
When planting, place bulbs 2 to 4 inches deep and 8 to 16 inches apart, with the neck just above the soil surface. Repot container-grown plants every three to four years to refresh soil and accommodate growth.
Fertilize for robust growth and flowering. Apply a half-strength liquid fertilizer every two weeks after blooming during active growth. Alternatively, use a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) or one higher in phosphorus every four to six weeks during the growing season. Cease fertilization during dormancy.
Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms and prevent seed production. Allow foliage to remain until it naturally yellows, as it provides essential nutrients back to the bulb through photosynthesis. While offsets can be divided for propagation, Mexican Lilies resent disturbance and may take time to re-establish and flower after division.
Key Facts About Mexican Lilies
All parts of the Mexican Lily, including the bulbs, are toxic if ingested by humans or pets. The plant contains compounds like lycorine, which can cause symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and tremors. While severe cases are rare, pets, especially cats, are sensitive, and accidental ingestion often occurs when animals consume the bulbs.
The Mexican Lily (Sprekelia formosissima) is native to southern Mexico and Guatemala, growing on exposed, rocky hillsides. Its scientific name, formosissima, is Latin for “most beautiful” or “best formed,” fitting its striking blooms. The common name “Aztec Lily” reflects its origin in regions historically associated with the Aztec Empire, while “Jacobean Lily” may refer to its introduction to Europe around the Jacobean era or a connection to St. James. This plant is often used ornamentally in rock gardens, alpine gardens, or as a container plant. Its vibrant flowers attract beneficial pollinators like hummingbirds and butterflies, adding ecological value to the garden.