Spikemoss plants, belonging to the genus Selaginella, offer a unique and ancient appeal for plant enthusiasts. Often mistaken for true mosses or ferns, these plants are distinct, possessing a vascular system. Their delicate, often feathery foliage and vibrant colors make them a popular choice for indoor environments, particularly in terrariums or other high-humidity settings. Spikemoss represents an ancient lineage, being one of the few surviving members of lycophytes, a group that thrived millions of years ago.
Essential Care for Spikemoss
Lighting Needs
Spikemoss plants thrive in bright, indirect light. An east-facing window generally provides suitable conditions, offering gentle morning sun without intense afternoon exposure. Direct sunlight can scorch their delicate foliage, causing bleaching or crisping. Conversely, insufficient light results in leggy, spindly growth, pale or yellowing leaves, and a dull appearance.
Watering and Humidity
Consistent moisture in the soil is important for spikemoss, though it should never be waterlogged to prevent root rot. Water thoroughly when the top inch of soil begins to feel dry, ensuring excess water drains freely. Using warm water is beneficial, as cold water can shock the plant. High humidity is a primary requirement for spikemoss, as they originate from tropical and subtropical regions.
To provide humidity, consider placing the plant in a terrarium, which naturally traps moisture. For plants outside a terrarium, use a pebble tray filled with water beneath the pot, group plants, or employ a room humidifier. While misting offers a temporary boost, it is not a sufficient long-term solution. Maintaining stable moisture and humidity levels is paramount for lush growth.
Soil and Substrate
The ideal soil mix for spikemoss is both well-draining and capable of retaining consistent moisture. A peat-based potting mix, often combined with perlite or pumice, works well to provide organic matter and aeration. A common mixture includes two parts peat moss to one part perlite or pumice, and one part coarse sand.
Temperature Considerations
Spikemoss plants prefer moderate room temperatures, typically thriving within 60°F to 80°F (15°C to 27°C). They do not tolerate cold conditions well; prolonged exposure below 55°F (12°C) can cause damage, wilting, or stunted growth. Extreme heat can also stress the plant. Keep spikemoss away from cold drafts, air conditioning vents, or heat sources to maintain a stable environment.
Fertilizing Spikemoss
Spikemoss plants are not heavy feeders and have low fertilizer needs. If fertilizing, a diluted liquid fertilizer (e.g., 5-5-5 or 10-10-10 formula) applied at one-quarter or half strength during the growing season (spring and summer) is sufficient. Over-fertilization can harm the plant’s delicate root system. It is safer to under-fertilize than to over-fertilize.
Troubleshooting Common Spikemoss Problems
Browning or Crispy Leaves
Browning or crispy leaves are a common issue, typically resulting from insufficient humidity or inconsistent watering. Spikemoss foliage dries out quickly without adequate moisture. To remedy this, immediately increase humidity using a terrarium, pebble tray, or humidifier. Ensure the soil remains consistently moist, watering when the top inch feels dry, but avoid overwatering.
Lack of Growth
Slow or stunted growth can stem from inadequate light exposure, nutrient deficiencies, or the plant’s naturally slow growth habit. If the plant is not receiving enough bright, indirect light, growth may slow, and foliage can appear pale. Adjust its placement to a brighter, indirect light source. If poor soil quality or lack of nutrients is suspected, a very dilute application of balanced liquid fertilizer during the growing season can help.
Pest Issues
Spikemoss plants are generally resistant to most common houseplant pests. However, under very dry conditions, they can become susceptible to spider mites. Other occasional pests include mealybugs and scale insects. Regularly inspecting the plant for signs of pests, such as webbing or small bumps, allows for early detection. If pests are identified, treat them promptly with an appropriate insecticidal soap or neem oil solution.