The Spadeleaf Philodendron (Philodendron domesticum or Philodendron imbe) is a favored houseplant known for its distinctive appearance and manageable care. This tropical plant features large, glossy, spade-shaped leaves, typically vibrant green, reaching up to 24 inches in mature specimens.
Spadeleaf Philodendron Care
Light
Spadeleaf Philodendrons thrive in bright, indirect light. Place the plant near a window with filtered sunlight or in a well-lit room away from direct sun exposure. Too much direct sunlight can scorch leaves, causing yellowing or brown patches. Insufficient light may result in leggy growth and smaller leaves.
Watering
Allow the top few inches of soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot from soggy conditions. Overwatering often causes yellowing, drooping leaves, and a mushy stem. Underwatering can lead to wilting, yellowing, and brown, crispy leaf edges. Adjust watering frequency based on environmental factors like temperature and humidity to keep the soil appropriately moist.
Soil
Spadeleaf Philodendrons need a well-draining, aerated soil mix rich in organic matter. A chunky aroid mix is recommended, or a custom blend of potting mix, perlite, and orchid bark. This substrate prevents waterlogging while retaining moisture, supporting healthy root development. A slightly acidic pH (5.5-6.5) also benefits nutrient uptake.
Temperature and Humidity
Spadeleaf Philodendrons prefer average room temperatures, generally ranging from 65 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit (18 to 27 degrees Celsius). They are sensitive to sudden temperature drops and should be kept away from cold drafts or temperatures below 55 degrees Fahrenheit (12 degrees Celsius). As tropical plants, they appreciate moderate to high humidity levels, ideally around 60% or higher. If indoor air is dry, increasing humidity with a pebble tray, a humidifier, or by misting the foliage can promote healthier growth and prevent browning leaf tips.
Fertilizer
During the active growing season, typically spring and summer, Spadeleaf Philodendrons benefit from regular fertilization. A balanced liquid fertilizer, such as a 20-20-20 formula, applied once a month is sufficient. Dilute the fertilizer according to product instructions to avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to a buildup of chemicals in the soil and damage the plant’s root system. Fertilization should be reduced or stopped during the fall and winter months when the plant’s growth naturally slows.
Propagating Spadeleaf Philodendron
Propagating Spadeleaf Philodendron is commonly done through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem section 4 to 6 inches long with at least one node, the joint where leaves and roots emerge. Remove any leaves from the bottom portion of the cutting, exposing the node.
The cutting can be rooted in either water or a moist soil mix. For water propagation, place the prepared cutting in a glass jar filled with purified or tap water, ensuring the node is submerged. Change the water every few days to maintain freshness. For soil propagation, plant the cutting directly into a well-draining potting mix, gently firming the soil around the stem to hold it upright. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Placing the cuttings in a warm location with bright, indirect light will encourage root development, which occurs within a few weeks. Once a healthy root system has formed, the new plant can be transplanted into a larger pot.
Common Problems and Solutions
Spadeleaf Philodendrons show stress when care requirements are unmet. Yellowing leaves often indicate overwatering (leading to root rot) or underwatering. Check soil moisture before watering and ensure adequate drainage. Brown leaf tips or edges frequently signal low humidity or harsh tap water chemicals; increase humidity or use filtered water.
Pests like spider mites and mealybugs can affect Spadeleaf Philodendrons. Spider mites often appear in low humidity environments, while mealybugs may be present if the plant is overwatered. Regularly inspecting the leaves, especially the undersides, and wiping them with a damp cloth can help prevent infestations. If pests are present, they can be controlled with horticultural soap or neem oil applications. Leggy growth, where stems become elongated with sparse leaves, indicates insufficient light; moving the plant to a brighter location can encourage denser foliage.
Is Spadeleaf Philodendron Toxic?
Spadeleaf Philodendrons, like other plants in their genus, contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout their leaves and stems. Ingestion by humans or pets can cause immediate irritation and pain in the mouth, tongue, and throat, with symptoms like excessive drooling, difficulty swallowing, and vomiting. While generally not life-threatening, the effects are uncomfortable. Keep Spadeleaf Philodendrons out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.