The Philodendron bipennifolium ‘Skeleton Key’ is a distinctive and sought-after houseplant. Its unique foliage undergoes a fascinating transformation as the plant matures, developing a characteristic leaf shape that gives it its intriguing common name.
Understanding Your Skeleton Key Philodendron
The Philodendron bipennifolium ‘Skeleton Key’ is named for its unique leaf structure. Initially, leaves are less lobed, but as the plant matures and climbs, they develop deep, intricate lobes resembling an antique skeleton key. This transformation into deeply divided, almost skeletal leaves is a hallmark of this philodendron. Native to tropical South America, it is a natural climber, developing aerial roots to attach to surfaces, which contributes to its striking display.
Essential Care for Skeleton Key Philodendron
Caring for the Philodendron bipennifolium ‘Skeleton Key’ involves replicating its natural tropical environment indoors. Consistent attention to its light, water, soil, temperature, humidity, and fertilization needs promotes vigorous growth and maintains its unique foliage.
Light
The Skeleton Key Philodendron thrives in bright, indirect light, mimicking its natural dappled sunlight. An east or north-facing window is ideal, providing ample brightness without harsh direct sun. Direct midday sun can scorch leaves, causing discoloration. Insufficient light results in slower growth and smaller, less vibrant leaves with longer spaces between nodes.
Watering
Consistent moisture is preferred, but avoid overwatering to prevent root rot. Allow the top one to two inches of soil to dry between waterings; feel the soil to determine its moisture level. Water thoroughly until it drains from the pot’s bottom, then discard excess water from the saucer. Watering frequency adjusts seasonally, requiring less in cooler, darker winter months.
Soil
An airy, well-draining soil mix rich in organic matter is optimal. A suitable blend includes peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark for drainage and moisture retention. Coco coir can also be incorporated to prevent compaction and improve aeration. The ideal pH range is slightly acidic, between 5.0 and 6.5.
Temperature and Humidity
As a tropical plant, the Skeleton Key Philodendron prefers warm temperatures and high humidity. The ideal temperature range is 60°F to 85°F (15°C to 29°C); temperatures below 50°F (10°C) can cause damage. Maintaining humidity between 60% and 80% is beneficial for robust growth and to prevent leaf browning. Increase humidity using a humidifier, pebble tray, or by grouping plants.
Fertilizing
During its active growing season (spring and summer), regular fertilization benefits the Skeleton Key Philodendron. A balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength and applied monthly, is generally sufficient. Reduce or cease fertilizing in fall and winter when growth slows. Over-fertilization can lead to salt buildup, potentially harming roots.
Propagating Skeleton Key Philodendron
Propagating the Skeleton Key Philodendron is primarily done through stem cuttings.
- Select a healthy stem with at least two nodes and one or two leaves. A node is where a leaf or aerial root emerges.
- Make a clean cut just below a node using sterilized scissors or a sharp knife.
- Cuttings can be rooted in water or directly in a moist substrate.
- For water propagation, place the cutting in a clean jar with enough water to submerge the node, changing the water every few days.
- If planting directly into soil, use a well-draining potting mix and keep it consistently moist.
- Roots typically develop within a few weeks; once they are two to three inches long, transfer the cutting to its permanent pot.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Even with proper care, the Skeleton Key Philodendron can show signs of distress. Yellowing leaves often indicate overwatering or a nutrient deficiency; ensure soil dries adequately between waterings to prevent root rot. Brown leaf tips or edges typically point to low humidity or underwatering, suggesting a need to increase air moisture or adjust watering frequency.
Slow growth can be a symptom of insufficient light or lack of nutrients; move the plant to a brighter location or resume fertilization during the growing season. While resilient, philodendrons can attract common houseplant pests like spider mites, mealybugs, or aphids. Regularly inspect your plant and promptly treat infestations with appropriate horticultural sprays or by wiping leaves to maintain health.