The Red Abyssinian Banana (Ensete ventricosum ‘Maurelii’) is a visually striking ornamental plant. Its large, paddle-shaped leaves boast a rich burgundy-red coloration, creating a focal point. It is cultivated for its aesthetic appeal, not for edible fruit.
Characteristics of the Red Abyssinian Banana
The Red Abyssinian Banana is distinguished by massive, paddle-shaped leaves up to 6 feet long, forming an eye-catching rosette. These leaves have a prominent reddish-purple midrib and vibrant red undersides, contrasting with their green upper surfaces. It exhibits rapid growth, quickly developing into a substantial specimen.
In cultivation, it can reach 7-15 feet tall, or up to 20 feet in frost-free tropical climates. Native to the highlands of East Africa, it is used in landscaping for a bold, tropical accent. While resembling true banana plants, its fruit is small, dry, and inedible.
Caring for Your Red Abyssinian Banana
Light
For vibrant coloration and robust growth, the Red Abyssinian Banana thrives in full sun, requiring at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight daily. This light is important for developing its signature red hues. While it can tolerate partial shade, insufficient light results in less intense leaf coloration.
Water
Consistent and ample watering is important, especially during its active growing season. The soil should be kept consistently moist but never waterlogged, as excess water can lead to root problems. Allow the top inch of soil to dry before rewatering.
Soil
An ideal growing medium is rich, well-draining, and fertile soil. It prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0). Amend heavy soils with organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure to improve drainage and nutrient retention for healthy growth.
Temperature and Humidity
The Red Abyssinian Banana prefers warm temperatures, ideally above 50°F (10°C), and high humidity. Growth stops below 50°F; freezing temperatures are fatal. Dry air can lead to browning leaf edges, indicating a need for increased ambient moisture.
Fertilizer
During the active growing period from spring through fall, a regular feeding schedule is important for vigorous growth, as it is a heavy feeder. Apply a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer (e.g., 3-1-2 N-P-K) every two to three weeks, or use a slow-release fertilizer at the beginning of the season. Follow product instructions to avoid over-fertilizing.
Growing Indoors or Outdoors
The Red Abyssinian Banana can be grown outdoors year-round in suitable climates or as a seasonal accent in colder regions. It performs best in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-11, remaining in the ground without winter protection and tolerating temperatures down to 20-30°F (-6 to -1°C). Below Zone 9, it is typically cultivated as an annual or in containers moved indoors before the first frost. Container growing requires a large pot with adequate drainage to accommodate its rapid growth and extensive root system. In-ground planting needs ample space, as the plant can achieve considerable size and spread 4-10 feet.
Winter Care Strategies
Winter protection is important for the Red Abyssinian Banana in non-tropical climates. Bring container-grown plants indoors before temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C). Prune foliage and check for pests before moving indoors. Inside, place the plant in a bright, cool location (around 50°F) and reduce watering for semi-dormancy.
Alternatively, induce full dormancy for storage by cutting foliage back and drying the root ball. This can involve hanging it upside down for a week or two to drain water from the pseudostem. Store the dormant corm in a cool, dark, dry location (ideally 40-45°F / 4-7°C), such as a garage or basement. In very mild climates (USDA Zones 8-9), in-ground plants may overwinter outdoors with heavy mulching around the root crown to protect from freezing.
Addressing Common Issues
Common issues when cultivating the Red Abyssinian Banana are usually easily remedied. Yellowing leaves often indicate watering imbalance (too much or too little) or a deficiency in essential nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, or magnesium. Brown leaf edges typically signal low humidity or inconsistent watering, indicating a need for more ambient moisture or a regular watering schedule. Pests like spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs can appear and are usually managed with organic solutions such as insecticidal soap. If the plant’s signature red coloration appears faded, it is often a direct result of insufficient light, requiring a brighter location.