Ramarama (Myrsine australis) is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to New Zealand. Valued for its unique foliage and adaptability, it is a popular choice for various garden designs. This plant thrives in diverse environments across its indigenous landscape, found throughout New Zealand, including the North, South, and Stewart Islands.
Ramarama Plant Characteristics
Ramarama grows as a dense shrub or small tree, reaching heights of 3 to 6 meters with a compact, upright crown. Its trunk can reach 20 centimeters in diameter, with dark brown or black bark on older sections and reddish younger branches. Its leaves are pale green with a yellowish tint on the upper surface and a lighter shade underneath. These leathery leaves, 3 to 6 cm long and 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, are arranged alternately along the stem. They often have wavy margins, though some forms have flatter edges, and are mottled with red or purple spots. Small, cream to whitish flowers, 1.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter, appear in clusters along the branchlets. Flowering occurs between August and January. The flowers are unisexual, meaning individual plants produce either male or female flowers. After flowering, the plant develops small, fleshy drupes, dark brown to black when mature and 2 to 4 mm in diameter. These fruits, containing a single seed, ripen between September and December and provide a food source for native birds.
Growing and Caring for Ramarama
Light
Ramarama thrives in various light conditions, adapting to both full sun and partial shade. Ample light promotes denser growth and more vibrant foliage. It tolerates wind well, making it suitable for exposed locations.
Soil
Ramarama prefers well-draining soil. It adapts to various soil types, including clay, loam, and sand, but requires adequate drainage to prevent waterlogging. Fertile soil supports its health and development.
Water
Ramarama requires moderate watering, typically every two to three weeks. Consistent watering is beneficial during its establishment phase, especially in dry periods. Once mature, it develops drought tolerance. Avoid overwatering to prevent root issues.
Temperature and Hardiness
Ramarama tolerates a broad temperature range, from -5°C (23°F) to 43°C (109°F). Mature plants are frost-hardy, but younger specimens are tender to frost. Temperatures below -5°C can cause frost damage, and above 43°C can cause leaf scorch. It adapts to various temperate climates.
Pruning
Pruning Ramarama maintains its shape, controls its size, and promotes dense growth; prune in late winter or early spring, before new growth begins, or after flowering and fruiting. Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches to improve air circulation and light penetration. For shaping and bushier growth, trim up to one-third of the plant’s volume. It responds well to pruning and can be shaped into formal hedges or specimen shrubs. Use clean, sharp tools to ensure clean cuts and reduce disease risk.
Landscaping Uses for Ramarama
Ramarama is a versatile plant for landscaping, valued for its attractive appearance and hardiness; it functions well as a hedging plant, forming dense screens for privacy and shelter. Its tolerance for wind and coastal conditions makes it ideal for exposed areas. Its distinctive foliage, with wavy, mottled leaves and reddish stems, makes it an appealing specimen or a vibrant component in mixed plantings. It can also be planted beneath larger trees, adding texture and color to the understory. Ramarama is also used in native plant gardens and revegetation projects, supporting local ecosystems and attracting birds with its berries.
Propagating Ramarama
Ramarama can be propagated through seeds and cuttings; growing from fresh seeds is a viable method: collect ripe, black fruits and sow them directly onto a seed-raising mix. Seedlings emerge within two to three months, depending on temperature. Alternatively, use semi-hardwood cuttings. Take cuttings from healthy, non-flowering shoots in spring or early summer. Dip the cut end into rooting hormone to enhance root development before planting in a well-draining medium. Maintain consistent moisture and high humidity around cuttings to promote successful rooting.