Rainbow Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) is a popular flowering succulent known for its vibrant, long-lasting blooms and straightforward care. Its succulent nature allows it to store water, making it a low-maintenance houseplant. Native to Madagascar, Kalanchoe has become a staple houseplant in many climates.
Essential Care for Rainbow Kalanchoe
Light Needs
Rainbow Kalanchoe thrives in bright, indirect indoor light. A south or west-facing window is ideal, providing ample light without the harshness of direct sun, which can scorch its leaves. Too much direct sunlight can lead to burned or drab leaves. If the plant receives insufficient light, its leaves may lose their glossy green appearance, and stems can become leggy.
Watering
Proper watering is crucial for Kalanchoe, a succulent susceptible to root rot from overwatering. The “drench and dry” method is recommended: allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Check soil moisture by inserting a finger about two inches deep; if it feels dry, water. During the growing season (spring and summer), water every 1-2 weeks, reducing to every 3-4 weeks in fall and winter when the plant is less active.
Soil Requirements
Kalanchoe requires a well-draining soil mix to prevent waterlogging and root rot. A specialized succulent or cactus mix is highly suitable, or a general potting mix can be amended for better drainage. Incorporating materials like perlite, pumice, or coarse sand improves aeration and drainage, which are crucial for root health. Planting in a terracotta pot also aids in wicking away excess moisture from the soil.
Temperature and Humidity
Rainbow Kalanchoe prefers warm temperatures, thriving between 55°F and 80°F. Protect the plant from cold; temperatures below 50°F can damage leaves and blooms, and freezing temperatures are fatal. Kalanchoe tolerates average household humidity. Avoid placing it near cold drafts, heating vents, or air conditioners, as sudden temperature fluctuations can stress the plant.
Fertilizing
Kalanchoe benefits from regular fertilization during its active growing season, typically from spring through fall. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer, such as a 20-20-20 formula, at half strength once a month. During the dormant period in winter, reduce or cease fertilizing entirely, as the plant’s nutritional needs are lower. Over-fertilizing can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flower production.
Promoting Vibrant Blooms
To encourage vibrant blooms, understand Kalanchoe’s natural blooming cycle. Kalanchoes are “short-day” plants, requiring extended periods of uninterrupted darkness to initiate flower bud formation. To trigger re-blooming, provide approximately 14 hours of complete darkness daily for six to eight weeks, by placing the plant in a dark closet or covering it with a box each evening.
During the day, the plant needs bright, indirect light for about 10 hours. Consistency in this light manipulation is important, as even brief interruptions of the dark period can disrupt bud development. Deadheading, or removing spent flowers, encourages new blooms and maintains plant vigor. Some Kalanchoe plants are sold with artificially dyed flowers; while these initial colors may fade, proper care and light manipulation will encourage natural, vibrant blooms.
Propagating Rainbow Kalanchoe
Propagating Kalanchoe is commonly done through stem or leaf cuttings. The ideal time is during spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. To take a stem cutting, select a healthy, non-flowering stem. Make a clean cut just above a leaf node.
Allow the cut end to dry and form a callus for a few days; this prevents rot when planted. Once callused, plant it in a well-draining succulent or cactus potting mix. Place the cutting in bright, indirect light and mist the soil occasionally to keep it slightly moist until roots establish, which typically takes about a month.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Lack of blooms often stems from insufficient darkness during the short-day period. Adjusting the light cycle to ensure 14 hours of uninterrupted darkness for several weeks can resolve this. Yellowing leaves often indicate overwatering, which can lead to root rot, or signal nutrient deficiencies or too much direct sunlight.
Wilting or mushy stems indicate root rot, caused by excessive moisture. If these symptoms appear, reduce watering immediately and ensure adequate drainage. Common houseplant pests like mealybugs, aphids, and spider mites can affect Kalanchoe. Inspecting the plant regularly and treating infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil can help manage these pests.