Philodendron williamsii is a sought-after aroid native to the tropical forests of southern Bahia, Brazil. Its striking appearance, with large, leathery leaves, makes it a compelling addition to many plant collections, appealing to enthusiasts seeking a unique and visually impactful indoor plant.
Understanding Philodendron williamsii
Philodendron williamsii has heart-shaped to oval, glossy, leathery, deep green leaves. While some cultivated varieties may show variegation, the classic species is solid green. This plant typically has a terrestrial or creeping growth habit, though it can also be a hemi-epiphyte, starting on the ground and climbing trees with aerial roots. Mature leaves can reach 1 to 2.5 feet (30 to 76 cm) in length, with some reports up to 35 inches (90 cm) in height. Its natural environment in humid tropical rainforests, with well-drained soils and consistent warm temperatures, informs its care. Many plants sold as Philodendron williamsii are actually Philodendron stenolobum due to historical misidentification.
Caring for Philodendron williamsii
Light Requirements
Philodendron williamsii thrives in bright, indirect light. Place the plant near a window that receives filtered sunlight, such as an east or north-facing window. Direct sunlight can cause leaf scorch. Insufficient light may result in leggy growth, smaller leaves, or dull coloration.
Watering Needs
Allow the top layer of soil to dry out between waterings. To check, insert a finger an inch or two into the soil; if it feels dry, water again. Overwatering can lead to root rot, causing yellowing leaves and soft stems. Pot size, ambient humidity, and temperature influence watering frequency.
Soil Mix
A well-draining, aerated potting mix is important for Philodendron williamsii. This prevents waterlogging and ensures adequate oxygen reaches the roots. Components like peat, orchid bark, perlite, and coco coir provide good drainage, aeration, and moisture retention. A blend mimicking its natural forest floor, rich in decaying organic material, is beneficial.
Temperature and Humidity
This philodendron prefers consistent warm temperatures, ideally 65-85°F (18-29°C). It also prefers high humidity, ideally above 60%. To increase humidity in drier indoor environments, use a humidifier, place the pot on a pebble tray, or group plants. Adequate humidity maintains leaf health and encourages robust growth.
Fertilizing
During the active growing season (spring and summer), Philodendron williamsii benefits from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength, every two to four weeks. Reduce or cease fertilization during cooler, dormant months to prevent nutrient buildup and root burn. Consistent nutrition supports large, healthy leaves.
Repotting
Repot when the plant becomes root-bound, meaning its roots have filled the current pot. This usually occurs every one to two years, depending on growth rate. Select a pot one or two inches larger in diameter with drainage holes. Use fresh, well-draining soil for new nutrients and improved aeration.
Propagating Philodendron williamsii
Propagate Philodendron williamsii through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem with at least two to three nodes (points where leaves and aerial roots emerge). Make a clean cut below a node using a sharp, sterilized knife or pruners. Ensure the cutting has a few leaves for photosynthesis during rooting. After taking the cutting, allow the cut end to callus for a few hours to a day to prevent rot, especially if rooting in water. Place the cutting in water, ensuring at least one node is submerged, or directly into a moist, well-draining rooting medium like sphagnum moss or perlite. Warmth and high humidity aid successful rooting, which can take several weeks to months. Once new roots are a few inches long, transplant the cutting into a suitable potting mix.
Common Problems and Solutions
Watering issues are common with Philodendron williamsii. Yellowing leaves and soft stems often indicate overwatering from excessively wet soil. Crispy leaves and wilting signal underwatering. Adjusting watering frequency based on soil dryness addresses these problems. Pest infestations can also affect Philodendron williamsii. Spider mites and mealybugs are common, appearing as tiny specks or cottony masses on leaves and stems. Treat affected plants with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Regular inspection of foliage, especially undersides of leaves, allows early detection. Light-related problems are also frequent. Scorched, brown patches indicate too much direct sunlight; leggy growth with widely spaced leaves suggests insufficient light. Move the plant to bright, indirect light to correct these issues. If the plant appears unwell, check for nutrient deficiencies by observing leaf color and growth patterns to determine if a balanced fertilizer is needed.