Philodendrons are popular houseplants, valued for their lush, diverse foliage. They bring a tropical feel to indoor spaces, appealing to both new and experienced plant enthusiasts due to their straightforward care and visual appeal.
About Philodendrons
The genus Philodendron includes hundreds of species, native to tropical Central and South America. In their natural rainforest habitats, they adapt to dappled light. Philodendrons have various growth habits: vining types trail with aerial roots, suitable for hanging baskets or climbing supports. Upright, or self-heading, philodendrons grow compactly with larger leaves. Their diverse aesthetics, from heart-shaped to lobed or variegated leaves, contribute to their popularity.
Philodendron Care Essentials
Light
Philodendrons thrive in bright, indirect light, mimicking their native understory habitat. An east or west-facing window is ideal, providing gentle morning or late afternoon sun without intense midday light. Direct sun can scorch leaves, causing burnt spots or yellowing. Insufficient light leads to leggy growth with sparse leaves and slowed overall growth. Rotate the plant regularly for even development.
Watering
Balanced watering is crucial for philodendron health. Water when the top inch or two of soil feels dry. Water thoroughly until excess drains from the pot’s bottom, then empty the saucer to prevent root rot. Philodendrons dislike soggy soil. Overwatering causes younger leaves to yellow, while older leaves yellow with brown edges or wilt from underwatering. Adjust watering seasonally, reducing it in cooler, slower growth months.
Soil Requirements
Philodendrons need a loose, well-draining, slightly acidic potting mix rich in organic matter. A suitable mix includes peat moss, perlite, and bark for aeration and moisture retention without waterlogging. The soil should allow water to pass freely while holding enough moisture. Periodically flush the soil by watering thoroughly until drainage to prevent salt accumulation.
Temperature and Humidity
Philodendrons prefer warm, consistent temperatures, thriving between 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C). Temperatures below 55°F (13°C) can damage leaves, causing them to become limp or discolored. Protect plants from sudden temperature fluctuations or cold drafts. High humidity, ideally 60-80%, is also appreciated. To increase humidity indoors, mist leaves regularly, place the pot on a pebble tray, or use a room humidifier.
Fertilizing
Fertilize philodendrons regularly during their active growing season (spring and summer). Use a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer (e.g., 20-20-20), diluted to half or quarter strength, every two to four weeks to promote lush foliage. Avoid over-fertilization, which can cause salt buildup and root burn. Reduce or stop fertilization in winter when growth slows. Pale new growth or overall yellowing may indicate nutrient deficiency.
Repotting
Repot philodendrons every 2-3 years, or when root-bound. Signs include roots emerging from drainage holes, circling the soil surface, or slowed growth. Repot in spring or early summer during active growth to aid recovery from transplant shock. Choose a new pot only one size larger with adequate drainage to prevent excess moisture. After repotting, water thoroughly and allow adjustment before resuming fertilization.
Propagating Philodendrons
Propagate philodendrons using stem cuttings in water or soil, ideally in spring or summer during active growth.
Water Propagation
For water propagation, select a healthy 4-6 inch stem with several leaves. Cut just below a leaf node. Remove any leaves that would be submerged. Place the cutting in room-temperature water, ensuring at least one node is fully submerged, as roots emerge from these points. Position the jar in a warm spot with bright, indirect light, changing water every few days. Roots should form within weeks; once they are at least one inch long, plant the cutting in well-draining potting mix.
Soil Propagation
For soil propagation, prepare a pot with moist, well-draining potting mix. Take stem cuttings as for water propagation, ensuring each has at least one node and removing lower leaves. Some let the cut end dry for a day or two to prevent rot. Plant cuttings directly into the soil, burying the nodes. Gently pat soil to secure. Keep soil consistently moist but not soggy, and place the pot in a warm spot with bright, indirect light. New growth indicates successful rooting.
Troubleshooting Common Philodendron Problems
Philodendrons are resilient, but can face issues indicating environmental stress or care imbalances.
Yellowing Leaves
Yellowing leaves often indicate improper watering. Consistently soggy soil causes younger leaves to yellow from overwatering, leading to root rot. Conversely, dry soil between waterings causes older leaves to yellow with brown tips, indicating underwatering. Adjust the watering schedule to allow the topsoil to dry before rewatering. Yellowing can also stem from nutrient deficiencies or too much direct sunlight.
Browning Leaf Tips or Edges
Browning leaf tips or edges often signal low humidity or inconsistent watering. Increase humidity by misting, using a pebble tray, or a humidifier. Ensure the plant is not exposed to cold drafts or dry air from heating vents.
Leggy Growth
Leggy growth, characterized by stretched stems with sparse leaves, indicates insufficient light. Philodendrons stretch towards inadequate light, resulting in an elongated, less dense appearance. Move the plant to brighter, indirect light for more compact growth. Pruning leggy stems also promotes bushier growth.
Pest Infestations
Pest infestations can occur, including sap-sucking insects like aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites. These cause yellow spots, distorted growth, or webbing on leaves. Regularly inspect the plant, especially leaf undersides, to detect pests early. For minor infestations, wipe pests off with a damp cloth or rubbing alcohol. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil for widespread issues, following product instructions. Good airflow and avoiding overly wet conditions help prevent fungal issues and deter pests.