The Philodendron ‘Horse Head’, scientifically known as Philodendron bipennifolium, is a visually striking plant with unique foliage. This tropical plant is also commonly referred to as the Fiddle-Leaf Philodendron due to its distinctively lobed, violin-shaped leaves that mature into an elongated, almost horse-head appearance. Native to the tropical rainforests of South America, particularly Brazil, this vining philodendron can reach significant sizes in its natural habitat, with leaves growing up to 1 to 3 feet in length. Its leathery, glossy green leaves and adaptable nature make it a popular choice for indoor plant enthusiasts.
Philodendron ‘Horse Head’ Care
Caring for the Philodendron ‘Horse Head’ involves providing conditions that mimic its native rainforest environment for its health and vibrant growth. Proper light, water, soil, temperature, humidity, and nutrients help this plant thrive indoors.
Light Requirements
The Philodendron ‘Horse Head’ flourishes in bright, indirect light. Placing it near a north or east-facing window is ideal, as direct sunlight can scorch its leaves, causing yellowing or brown spots. While it can tolerate medium light, brighter indirect light promotes more vigorous growth. If natural light is insufficient, artificial grow lights can supplement its needs.
Watering Needs
Consistent moisture is beneficial for this philodendron, but avoid overwatering. Water the plant when the top few inches of soil feel dry to the touch. Saturated soil can lead to root rot and leaf discoloration. Reduce watering frequency during winter, as the plant’s growth naturally slows.
Ideal Soil
A well-draining, airy potting mix rich in organic matter is best for the Philodendron ‘Horse Head’. This mix allows proper drainage while retaining moisture. Components like peat moss, perlite, orchid bark, and compost create a balanced mix for healthy root development and aeration. The plant prefers a slightly acidic soil pH, between 5.0 and 6.0.
Temperature and Humidity
As a tropical plant, the Philodendron ‘Horse Head’ prefers warm temperatures, between 70°F and 85°F (21°C to 29°C). It is sensitive to cold drafts and should not be exposed to temperatures below 55°F (13°C), causing leaf browning or loss. High humidity, around 60-80%, is also beneficial for this rainforest native. Increase humidity by using a humidifier, placing the plant on a pebble tray filled with water, or regular misting.
Fertilizing
During its active growing season in spring and summer, the Philodendron ‘Horse Head’ benefits from regular fertilization. A balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength, applied every few weeks or monthly is suitable. This provides nutrients for robust leaf growth and plant vigor. Reduce or pause fertilization during the fall and winter months as growth slows.
Propagating Your Philodendron
Propagating the Philodendron ‘Horse Head’ is best done through stem cuttings. Propagate in spring or summer when the plant is actively growing, allowing cuttings to root more readily.
Select a healthy stem with at least one node and a few leaves. Using clean, sharp shears, make a cut just below a node, the small bump on the stem where leaves and aerial roots emerge. This node contains the growth points for new roots.
Cuttings can be rooted in either water or soil. For water propagation, place the cutting in a clear container with the node submerged, changing water every few days. For soil propagation, plant the cutting in a well-draining, moist potting mix, burying the node and keeping the soil consistently moist. Roots develop within a few weeks; once several inches long, water-rooted cuttings can be transplanted into soil.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
While adaptable, the Philodendron ‘Horse Head’ can exhibit signs of distress if its environmental needs are not met. Yellowing leaves are a common indicator, pointing to either overwatering or underwatering. If soil is too wet, roots suffer, causing yellowing foliage, especially on older leaves. Conversely, insufficient water can also cause leaves to yellow and become limp, especially the oldest leaves.
Brown leaf tips or edges suggest low humidity or underwatering. Increase humidity and ensure consistent soil moisture to alleviate these symptoms. Stunted growth results from inadequate light, insufficient nutrients, or environmental shock. Providing bright, indirect light and a regular feeding schedule during the growing season encourages robust growth.
Pests such as spider mites, mealybugs, and aphids affect the Philodendron ‘Horse Head’. Regularly inspecting the plant, especially the undersides of leaves, aids early detection. If pests are present, they are managed with insecticidal soap or neem oil applications.
Is Philodendron ‘Horse Head’ Toxic?
The Philodendron ‘Horse Head’ (Philodendron bipennifolium) is toxic if ingested. Like other philodendron species, it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes immediate irritation and a burning sensation in the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat. Symptoms include excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant out of reach of children and pets, and wear gloves when handling it, especially during pruning or repotting.