The Philodendron hastatum, often called the “Silver Sword” philodendron, is a popular houseplant known for its striking appearance. Its unique sword-shaped leaves display a silvery-green hue. This tropical plant originates from Brazil and is valued for its attractive foliage and ease of care.
Essential Care Requirements
Light
The Philodendron hastatum thrives in bright, indirect light, mimicking its natural rainforest habitat. Placing it near a north or east-facing window is ideal for ample filtered light. Direct sunlight, especially harsh afternoon sun, can scorch the leaves. Insufficient light may lead to leggy growth and a dulling of the plant’s silvery color.
Watering
Consistent moisture benefits the “Silver Sword” philodendron, but avoid overwatering, which causes root rot. Water thoroughly when the top 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) of soil feel dry. Allow excess water to drain from drainage holes. Signs of overwatering include yellowing leaves and mushy roots, while underwatering can cause brown leaf tips or stunted growth.
Soil Mix
An ideal soil mix for Philodendron hastatum should be well-draining, airy, and rich in organic matter. This substrate helps prevent waterlogging and provides aeration for the roots. Suitable components include:
Peat moss
Perlite
Orchid bark
Coco coir
Vermiculite
A chunky aroid mix is recommended for optimal health.
Temperature and Humidity
This philodendron prefers warm temperatures, from 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C). It is sensitive to cold drafts and temperatures below 60°F (15°C), which can damage its leaves. The plant also appreciates high humidity, ideally above 50% to 60%, similar to its native rainforest environment. To increase humidity, consider using a humidifier, placing the pot on a pebble tray, or grouping plants together.
Fertilizing
During its active growing season (spring and summer), the Philodendron hastatum benefits from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength, approximately once a month. Reduce or cease fertilizing during the fall and winter months when the plant’s growth slows down. Avoid fertilizing a stressed plant.
Providing Support
As a climbing philodendron, the “Silver Sword” naturally develops aerial roots and has a vining habit. Providing vertical support encourages larger leaf development and promotes an upright growth pattern. Options for support include moss poles, trellises, or stakes, allowing the plant to mimic its natural climbing behavior. Training the stems to these supports helps the plant thrive.
Repotting Your Plant
Repotting the Philodendron hastatum is typically needed when the plant becomes root-bound, indicated by roots emerging from drainage holes or slowed growth. This usually occurs every 1 to 2 years, or every 2 to 3 years for more mature plants. The best time to repot is during the spring or early summer, its active growing season.
When repotting, choose a new pot only slightly larger than the previous one, generally 1 to 2 inches wider. Use fresh, well-draining soil mix to provide renewed nutrients and aeration. Gently remove the plant, loosen the roots, and settle it into the new container, watering thoroughly afterward.
Propagating New Plants
The Philodendron hastatum can be readily propagated using stem cuttings. Propagate during spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
To take a cutting, select a healthy stem segment with at least one or more nodes (points where leaves and roots emerge). Remove any lower leaves to expose the nodes. Cuttings can be rooted in water, sphagnum moss, or directly in a moist, well-draining soil mix. Place the cutting in a warm spot with bright, indirect light, keeping the rooting medium consistently moist until new roots develop. Roots typically begin to form within a few weeks.
Addressing Common Issues
Several issues can arise with Philodendron hastatum, often signaling a need for care adjustments. Yellowing leaves frequently indicate overwatering or poor drainage, though they can also be a sign of nutrient deficiency or underwatering if only older leaves are affected. Brown leaf tips or edges indicate low humidity or underwatering.
Stunted growth can result from insufficient light, lack of nutrients, or the plant being root-bound. Common pests such as spider mites, mealybugs, and thrips can also affect the plant. Inspect the plant regularly for signs of pests, such as webbing, sticky residue, or visible insects, and treat promptly with appropriate solutions.
Pruning and Maintenance
Pruning the Philodendron hastatum helps manage its size and encourages bushier growth. It also allows for the removal of yellowing, damaged, or dead leaves, promoting overall health and aesthetic appeal. When pruning, use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears just above a node. This encourages new growth from that point. Regular maintenance also includes wiping down the leaves with a damp cloth to remove dust, which helps ensure efficient photosynthesis.
Safety for Pets and Children
The Philodendron hastatum, like other philodendron varieties, is considered toxic if ingested. This is due to the presence of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals found throughout the plant. If chewed or eaten, these crystals can cause immediate irritation and a burning sensation in the mouth, lips, and throat.
Other symptoms may include:
Swelling
Excessive salivation
Difficulty swallowing
Vomiting
Diarrhea
It is important to keep the plant out of reach of pets and small children to prevent accidental ingestion. If ingestion is suspected, seek immediate medical or veterinary attention.