The Philodendron melanochrysum, often called the Black Gold Philodendron, is a houseplant known for its distinct appearance. Its name, derived from Greek words meaning “black” (melano) and “gold” (chrysum), describes its striking foliage. This plant features elongated, heart-shaped leaves with a deep, almost black-green hue and a luxurious velvety texture. The leaves display vibrant, contrasting gold or yellow venation that becomes more pronounced as the plant matures. Originating from the dense, humid rainforests of Colombia and Ecuador, this vining aroid naturally climbs trees.
Caring for Philodendron melanochrysum
Light Requirements
Philodendron melanochrysum thrives in bright, indirect light, mimicking its natural habitat under tree canopies. Placing the plant near an east or north-facing window is ideal to provide sufficient illumination without harsh direct sun. Direct sunlight can scorch its leaves, leading to brown patches or faded coloration. Insufficient light can result in leggy growth, smaller leaves, and a less vibrant appearance.
Watering Needs
Consistent soil moisture benefits Philodendron melanochrysum, but it is susceptible to root rot if overwatered. Allow the top inch or two (2-5 cm) of soil to dry out between waterings. Yellowing leaves often indicate overwatering, while underwatering can cause wilting or crispy brown leaf tips. Ensure the pot has adequate drainage holes to prevent water accumulation.
Humidity and Temperature
This plant prefers high humidity, ideally between 60% and 80%, replicating its native rainforest conditions. To increase humidity, use a humidifier, place the pot on a pebble tray, or group it with other plants. The ideal temperature range is between 65°F (18°C) and 85°F (29°C). It is sensitive to cold drafts and sudden temperature drops, which can cause stress and damage.
Soil and Potting
A well-draining, airy potting mix is ideal for Philodendron melanochrysum. A blend often includes orchid bark, perlite, and coconut coir or peat moss, ensuring moisture retention without becoming waterlogged. Repotting is recommended every one to two years, or when the plant becomes root-bound, to provide fresh nutrients and more space for root development. Choose a pot with drainage holes to prevent soggy conditions.
Fertilizing
During its active growing season (spring and summer), Philodendron melanochrysum benefits from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced liquid plant food, diluted to half strength, monthly. Reduce or cease fertilizing during the cooler, dormant months of fall and winter, as the plant’s growth slows. Providing nutrients supports vigorous growth and the development of large, velvety leaves.
Supporting Philodendron melanochrysum Growth
Philodendron melanochrysum exhibits a natural climbing habit, attaching itself to trees in its native environment using aerial roots. To encourage larger, more mature leaves and robust growth indoors, providing vertical support is recommended. A moss pole or coir totem serves as a climbing structure, mimicking its wild ascent.
Training the plant involves gently guiding its stems and aerial roots onto the support. As the plant grows, its aerial roots will anchor into the moist material of the pole, allowing it to climb upwards. This upward growth helps the plant produce leaves that can reach substantial sizes, sometimes up to 24 inches long indoors. Without adequate support, the plant tends to meander or droop, resulting in smaller foliage.
Propagating Philodendron melanochrysum
Propagating Philodendron melanochrysum is commonly achieved through stem cuttings. To take a cutting, select a healthy stem with at least one or two nodes, which are small bumps where leaves and aerial roots emerge. Make a clean cut just below a node, ensuring the cutting has at least one leaf attached.
Once prepared, the cutting can be rooted in water or moist sphagnum moss. For water propagation, place the cutting in a clear container with filtered water, ensuring at least one node is submerged. Change the water every few days to prevent bacterial growth. Roots typically form within a few weeks. When roots are several inches long, transplant the cutting into a well-draining potting mix.
For rooting in sphagnum moss, place the cutting in moist moss within a sealed container or bag to maintain high humidity, encouraging faster rooting. This method helps the cutting acclimatize to a substrate more easily.
Common Problems and Solutions
Yellowing leaves often signal overwatering or poor drainage. Adjust your watering schedule to allow the topsoil to dry out completely between waterings and ensure the pot has proper drainage. Remove severely affected leaves. Brown leaf tips or crispy edges indicate insufficient humidity. Increase ambient humidity using a humidifier, pebble tray, or regular misting.
Stunted growth or dull coloration can point to inadequate light. Consistently low light levels hinder its development and vibrancy. Move the plant to a brighter location, away from direct sun, to encourage healthier growth and more vivid foliage.
Pest infestations, such as spider mites, mealybugs, or thrips, can also affect Philodendron melanochrysum. Regularly inspect leaves, especially the undersides, for early detection. If pests are found, manage them by wiping leaves with a damp cloth or applying an insecticidal soap solution.
Bacterial leaf spot, characterized by dark spots with yellow halos, can occur due to poor air circulation or water sitting on leaves. Improve air flow and avoid wetting foliage during watering to help prevent this.