The “Oreja de Burro” plant, scientifically known as Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri, is a distinctive succulent. Its common name, “Donkey Ears,” references the large, paddle-shaped leaves that characterize this species. This plant is a popular choice for ornamental displays due to its striking appearance and low maintenance requirements, making it suitable for various indoor and outdoor garden settings.
Understanding Oreja de Burro
Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri is a succulent native to northwestern Madagascar, growing in rocky areas. This fast-growing perennial or biennial plant belongs to the Crassulaceae family. It forms rosettes of large, fleshy leaves, up to 20 inches (50 cm) long and 4 inches (10 cm) wide. These leaves are typically grayish-green or bronze-green, often with maroon or reddish-brown spots and a waxy, whitish coating that protects them from intense sunlight.
The leaf margins are irregularly scalloped and often develop small plantlets, or bulbils, along their edges. These plantlets contribute to alternative names like “Mother of Thousands” or “Miracle Leaf.” While primarily grown for its foliage, Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri also produces tall flower stalks, up to 3 feet (90 cm) tall, with clusters of tubular, bell-shaped flowers. These flowers, ranging from pale peach to yellow-green with red or violet lines, typically appear in the fall and early winter.
Caring for Oreja de Burro
Light
Oreja de Burro thrives in bright, indirect light. For indoor plants, a window receiving filtered sunlight, particularly from a south or east-facing direction, is suitable. While it tolerates some direct sun, especially morning sun, intense afternoon sunlight can scorch its leaves, causing wilting or browning. Gradually exposing young plants to increasing light helps them adapt. Outdoors, a location with partial shade is ideal to prevent sunburn.
Watering
This drought-tolerant succulent prefers its soil to dry out completely between waterings. Use the “2-inch test,” watering only when the top two inches of soil feel dry. Overwatering is a common issue that can lead to root rot. Water deeply, ensuring excess water drains freely, and keep foliage dry to prevent fungal issues. During cooler months or periods of dormancy, typically in winter, reduce watering frequency.
Soil
A well-draining soil mix is essential for Oreja de Burro to prevent waterlogging and root rot. A specialized cactus or succulent potting mix is recommended for its aeration and drainage. If creating a custom blend, incorporate materials like perlite, coarse sand, or pumice into a loam-based soil to enhance drainage. Clay pots are also beneficial as they promote better air circulation around the roots and help the soil dry out more quickly.
Temperature and Humidity
Oreja de Burro prefers warm temperatures and is sensitive to cold, especially frost. Ideal temperatures range between 64 and 68°F (18-20°C) day and night. Temperatures below 55°F (13°C) can hinder growth and cause damage, with prolonged exposure near 40°F (4°C) potentially being lethal. The plant thrives in average household humidity and does not require high humidity. Maintaining good air circulation is beneficial to prevent fungal problems.
Fertilization
Oreja de Burro is not a heavy feeder, requiring only light fertilization. During its active growing season (typically spring and summer), apply a balanced, diluted succulent fertilizer. Fertilization every four to six weeks is sufficient, using a formula such as 2-4-4. Water the plant thoroughly before applying fertilizer to prevent root burn. Avoid fertilization during the plant’s dormant period in winter.
Propagating Oreja de Burro
Propagating Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri is straightforward, commonly done using the plantlets that form along its leaf margins. Gently remove these small offsets once they develop roots. Plant them directly into a well-draining succulent potting mix, ensuring the base is just above the soil surface. Rooting typically occurs within a few weeks, after which new plants can be cared for like mature specimens.
Leaf cuttings also offer a viable propagation method. Twist or cut a healthy, mature leaf cleanly from the parent plant. Allow the leaf to “callus” or dry for a few days until the cut end forms a hardened layer; this prevents rot. Place the callused leaf on top of well-draining soil, with the cut end in contact, and keep it in bright, indirect light. Tiny plantlets will form along the leaf edges, eventually developing roots and growing into new plants.
Common Problems and Solutions
Etiolation, where the plant stretches and becomes leggy due to insufficient light, is a common issue. Address this by gradually moving the plant to a brighter location with more indirect light. Leaf discoloration can also signal improper care; yellowing often indicates overwatering, while browning results from underwatering or sunburn. Adjusting watering practices and providing appropriate light exposure resolves these issues.
While resistant to many pests, Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri can be affected by common succulent pests like mealybugs, aphids, or spider mites, especially outdoors. Signs of infestation include visible insects, sticky honeydew, or distorted foliage. Non-toxic treatments are preferred due to the plant’s sensitivity to some chemical insecticides.
Organic solutions like neem oil or insecticidal soap are effective, and affected leaves can be removed to prevent spread. Good air circulation and avoiding excessive humidity help prevent fungal diseases like powdery mildew, which can also cause leaf spots.