Monstera dubia is a distinctive vining houseplant from the tropical rainforests of Central and South America. It naturally climbs trees, and its unique growth habit and changing foliage make it a popular choice for plant enthusiasts.
Understanding Monstera Dubia’s Unique Growth
The most captivating feature of Monstera dubia is its “shingling” growth habit. In its juvenile stage, the plant produces small, heart-shaped leaves with prominent silver variegation and dark green veins. These leaves lie flat and overlap tightly against a climbing surface, much like shingles on a roof. This shingling behavior helps the plant cling to tree trunks and ascend towards brighter light.
As Monstera dubia matures and climbs higher, its leaves undergo a transformation known as leaf dimorphism. The leaves become larger, lose their silver patterns, and develop the characteristic fenestrations, or splits, seen in other Monstera species like Monstera deliciosa. This transition from shingling juvenile foliage to mature, fenestrated leaves is a primary reason for the plant’s appeal.
Monstera Dubia Care Essentials
Light
Monstera dubia thrives in bright, indirect light, mimicking its natural habitat beneath the forest canopy. Placing it near a north, north-east, or north-west facing window is ideal. Direct, intense sunlight can scorch its delicate leaves, causing them to develop a pale appearance or even become crispy. Insufficient light can lead to slower growth and smaller leaves, potentially reducing the distinctness of its patterns.
Water
Watering Monstera dubia effectively involves allowing the top one to two inches of soil to dry out between waterings. Water thoroughly until excess water drains from the pot’s bottom, preventing the plant from sitting in stagnant water. Overwatering can lead to root rot, a common issue, while underwatering may cause wilting or browning leaf tips. Checking soil moisture with a finger or a moisture meter can help determine the right time to water.
Soil
A well-draining, airy, and rich organic potting mix is suitable for Monstera dubia. An ideal mix includes components like orchid bark, peat moss or coco coir, and perlite in equal parts. This chunky composition ensures good aeration around the roots while retaining some moisture. Avoiding dense, regular potting soil is important as it can suffocate the root system and contribute to waterlogging.
Temperature and Humidity
As a tropical plant, Monstera dubia prefers warm and humid conditions. Optimal temperatures range between 65-85°F (18-29°C), with consistent temperatures being beneficial for growth. Humidity levels around 60-70% are ideal, though they can tolerate household humidity above 50%. To increase humidity, consider using a humidifier or placing the pot on a pebble tray filled with water.
Fertilizer
Monstera dubia is a moderate feeder and benefits from regular fertilization during its growing season, typically spring and summer. A balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength applied every third or fourth watering is recommended. Alternatively, a slow-release fertilizer can be used three times a year. Avoid fertilizing during the colder months when the plant’s growth naturally slows down.
Supporting Its Shingling Journey
To encourage Monstera dubia to display its characteristic shingling growth, provide a vertical support structure. Options include cedar planks, moss poles, or cork bark. These supports allow the plant’s aerial roots to attach and climb, mimicking its natural behavior.
Properly attaching the plant involves gently securing its stem and aerial roots to the chosen support. This encourages the leaves to lie flat against the surface and develop the shingling pattern, also promoting the plant’s transition to its mature, fenestrated foliage as it climbs higher.
Propagating Monstera Dubia
Propagating Monstera dubia is commonly done through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem section with at least one leaf and a node, the small bump where roots and new leaves emerge. Make a clean cut just below a node using sterilized shears.
Remove any leaves that would be submerged if rooting in water. Cuttings can be rooted in water, ensuring the node is submerged and changing the water every few days. Alternatively, root cuttings in damp sphagnum moss or a well-draining soil mix. Once roots are one to two inches long, transfer the cutting to a suitable potting mix.
Common Challenges and Solutions
Yellowing Leaves
Yellowing leaves on Monstera dubia indicate overwatering, especially if accompanied by soft, mushy stems or a foul odor. Remedy this by adjusting watering frequency and ensuring the soil dries sufficiently between waterings. Yellowing can also signal a nutrient deficiency, suggesting the need for proper fertilization.
Browning Leaf Tips and Stunted Growth
Browning leaf tips and edges signify insufficient humidity or underwatering. Increase ambient humidity with a humidifier or pebble tray, and ensure consistent soil moisture. If the plant exhibits stunted growth or produces smaller leaves, it receives too little light or lacks adequate support. Relocate the plant to a brighter, indirect light spot or provide a climbing structure for better development.
Pests
Common pests such as spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects can affect Monstera dubia. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation, like webbing or sticky residue, to allow for early intervention. These pests can be managed with treatments such as neem oil or by wiping affected areas with rubbing alcohol.