The monkey tail cactus, botanically Hildewintera colademononis or Cleistocactus winteri subsp. colademononis, is a unique succulent. Its distinctive appearance features long, cascading stems covered in soft, white, hair-like spines. This unusual, fuzzy texture gives it the common name “monkey tail.” Its trailing habit makes it an appealing choice for hanging baskets or elevated displays indoors.
Essential Care Requirements
Light
The monkey tail cactus thrives in bright, indirect light or filtered sun. Placing it near a south or west-facing window is ideal indoors. While it can tolerate some direct morning sun, intense midday sun can scorch its delicate, fuzzy stems, leading to discoloration. Insufficient light can cause the plant to stretch, resulting in leggy growth and spine loss. Adequate light promotes healthy growth and future blooms.
Watering
A “soak and dry” watering method is suitable for the monkey tail cactus. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings, by checking the top two inches of soil or the pot’s weight. Overwatering commonly leads to root rot, manifesting as mushy stems and potentially fatal to the plant. Proper drainage prevents water accumulation around the roots.
Soil
The monkey tail cactus requires a well-draining, gritty soil mix. Standard potting soil is too dense, retaining excessive moisture and increasing root rot risk. Mix regular potting soil with amendments like perlite, pumice, or coarse sand. This mimics its native rocky habitat, ensuring rapid water drainage vital for its shallow root system.
Temperature and Humidity
The monkey tail cactus prefers warm conditions during its active growing season, between 60-80°F (16-27°C). It can tolerate slight temperature fluctuations, but sudden drops or exposure to frost should be avoided below 35°F (2°C). As a desert native, this cactus prefers dry conditions and does not require high humidity. While it can handle some atmospheric moisture, excessive humidity, especially in winter, can lead to fungal infections.
Fertilizing
During spring and summer, the monkey tail cactus benefits from occasional fertilization. Use a low-nitrogen, high-potassium, or balanced succulent and cactus fertilizer. A diluted 5-10-5 NPK formula is recommended. Fertilize once a month or every two weeks, diluted to half strength to prevent root burn. Avoid fertilizing during fall and winter dormancy.
Repotting Your Monkey Tail Cactus
Repotting is needed every two to three years, or when the plant becomes root-bound or top-heavy. Repot in spring, before the active growing season. Choose a pot only slightly larger than the current one, two inches wider, with adequate drainage holes.
When repotting, carefully remove the cactus from its container, gently to avoid damaging stems and spines. Inspect roots for rot or damage, trimming affected areas. Replant in fresh, well-draining cactus mix, spreading roots evenly. Water lightly after repotting, waiting at least a week before resuming a regular schedule to allow the plant to settle.
Propagating Monkey Tail Cactus
Propagating the monkey tail cactus is achieved through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem segment at least four to six inches long, using a clean, sharp knife or pruning shears. After cutting, allow the severed end to dry and form a callus for several days in a cool, dry spot. Callusing prevents rot once planted.
Once callused, plant the cutting in a pot with well-draining cactus soil mix. Insert the callused end into the soil. Place the cutting in a warm spot with bright, indirect light. Keep the soil slightly moist, but not soggy, to encourage root development, which occurs within a few weeks.
Encouraging Blooms and Winter Care
To encourage vibrant red or pink flowers, a cool, dry dormancy period during winter is beneficial. This rest period signals the plant to prepare for blooming. From fall through winter, gradually reduce watering, allowing the soil to remain dry for extended periods, perhaps watering only once every four to six weeks.
Maintain cooler temperatures, between 50-55°F (10-13°C), during this dormant phase. This combination of reduced water and cooler temperatures stimulates flower bud development for the upcoming spring and summer.
Common Problems and Solutions
The monkey tail cactus is resilient, but issues can arise. Overwatering is the most frequent problem, leading to root rot, characterized by mushy, discolored stems. If root rot is suspected, allow the soil to dry completely; if severe, repot into fresh, dry soil after trimming affected roots.
Insufficient light causes etiolation, where stems become thin and stretched. Moving the plant to a brighter location with indirect light helps. Common pests include mealybugs, scale insects, and spider mites, appearing as white, cottony masses or small bumps on stems. Treat pests by dabbing with a cotton swab dipped in 70% isopropyl alcohol or by applying insecticidal soap or neem oil for larger infestations. Fungal infections may occur due to high humidity or poor air circulation, presenting as discolored spots. Improving air circulation and watering at the base helps prevent these issues.