The monkey fern, Phlebodium aureum, is a distinctive houseplant. Its fuzzy rhizomes and attractive foliage make it a popular choice for indoor gardening enthusiasts. It is considered relatively easy to care for.
Understanding Monkey Fern
The monkey fern, Phlebodium aureum, is known by several common names, including Golden Polypody, Golden Serpent Fern, Blue Star Fern, and Hare’s Foot Fern. Its most recognizable feature is its thick, creeping rhizomes, covered in golden-brown, soft scales. These fuzzy rhizomes often grow on the soil surface or sprawl over pot edges, leading to the name “monkey fern” due to their resemblance to a monkey’s foot.
This fern is an epiphyte, meaning it grows on other plants or objects for support, absorbing moisture and nutrients from the air. Its fronds are large and deeply lobed, varying from bright green to blue-green or silver-green. These fronds can reach lengths of 12 to 50 inches and widths of 4 to 20 inches, with an often wavy margin.
Monkey Fern Care Guide
Light
Monkey ferns thrive in bright, indirect light conditions. They are accustomed to the dappled sunlight found beneath the tree canopy in their natural habitats. Direct sunlight, especially harsh afternoon sun, can scorch their fronds and should be avoided. Placing the plant a few feet away from a south or north-facing window provides suitable illumination.
Watering
Consistent moisture is important for monkey ferns, but they are sensitive to waterlogging. The soil should be kept moist but not saturated. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. Ensure the pot has adequate drainage to prevent water from accumulating around the rhizomes, which can lead to rot.
Humidity
High humidity levels are beneficial for monkey ferns, with an ideal range of 50% to 80%. Signs of insufficient humidity include browning leaf tips or curling fronds. To increase humidity, consider using a pebble tray, grouping plants to create a microclimate, or employing a room humidifier. Regular misting can also contribute to higher humidity.
Soil
A well-draining, airy, and organic-rich soil mix is suitable for monkey ferns. Since they are epiphytic, a mix designed for epiphytes or orchids can be effective. A general potting mix can be amended with components like peat moss, perlite, or orchid bark to improve drainage and aeration. An acidic pH in the substrate is also preferred.
Temperature
Monkey ferns prefer consistent, warm temperatures, thriving between 60°F to 80°F (15°C to 27°C). They are not tolerant of cold drafts or sudden temperature fluctuations. Protecting the plant from extreme heat or cold, such as drafts or vents, helps maintain a stable environment.
Fertilizing
Monkey ferns are not heavy feeders and can be sensitive to over-fertilization. During the growing season (spring and summer), apply a diluted liquid fertilizer. A balanced fertilizer or one with a slightly higher nitrogen content is appropriate, used at about half the recommended strength. Avoid fertilizing during winter months when the plant’s growth naturally slows.
Propagation
The most common method for propagating monkey ferns is through the division of their rhizomes. This process is best undertaken during spring or early summer, coinciding with the plant’s active growth period. To propagate, carefully remove the mature plant from its pot and identify natural divisions.
Each section should have a healthy portion of rhizome and at least one frond. Use a clean, sharp knife or shears to separate these sections. Plant each division in a new pot with well-draining soil, ensuring the rhizome is just at or slightly above the soil surface. Maintain high humidity and consistent moisture around the newly potted divisions to support successful establishment.
Common Problems and Troubleshooting
Browning leaf tips or curling fronds often indicate insufficient humidity, a common problem in dry indoor environments. Increasing the surrounding humidity through misting or pebble trays can help alleviate this symptom.
Yellowing leaves can signal overwatering or underwatering. If the soil remains soggy, root rot can occur, leading to yellowing and decline. Allowing the soil to dry out completely for extended periods can also cause leaves to yellow and wilt. Adjusting the watering schedule to ensure consistent, but not excessive, moisture is important. Pests like spider mites, thrips, and fungus gnats may occasionally affect the plant, requiring appropriate treatment if observed.
Toxicity
The monkey fern, Phlebodium aureum, is considered non-toxic to humans and common household pets, including cats and dogs. This makes it a safe option for homes with children and animals.