The ‘Magnum’ plant (Humulus lupulus ‘Magnum’) is a specific hop variety recognized for its robust nature and utility in brewing. Originating from the Hops Research Institute of Hüll, Germany, in 1980, it was developed from a cross between the American Galena hop and a German male hop variety. This particular cultivar is celebrated for its high alpha acid content, typically ranging from 12% to 16%, making it a preferred choice for achieving clean bitterness in various beer styles. While primarily a bittering hop, ‘Magnum’ also offers subtle aromatic notes, often described as spicy, citrusy, or even faintly floral. Its dependable performance and widespread cultivation in major hop-growing regions like the Hallertau in Germany and the Yakima Valley in the U.S. have solidified its popularity among both commercial brewers and home growers.
Growing Conditions
Magnum hops thrive in full sun, needing at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight daily for vigorous growth and optimal cone development. Consistent bright light ensures the best yield, though partial shade is tolerated.
Well-draining, fertile soil (ideally loam or sandy loam) is important, preventing waterlogging while retaining moisture. An ideal soil pH is 6.0-7.0. Enriching soil with organic matter like compost or aged manure before planting enhances fertility and structure.
Consistent moisture is important, especially during dry periods and establishment. Keep soil evenly moist, but prevent waterlogging. Deep, infrequent watering encourages a strong root system. Mulching helps conserve moisture and regulate soil temperature.
‘Magnum’ hops thrive in temperate climates (USDA Zones 3-9, ideally 4-8). They require winter dormancy for vigorous growth. Optimal growth occurs between the 30th and 50th parallels, where day length is conducive to their life cycle.
Planting and Establishing
Plant ‘Magnum’ hops in early spring after the last frost. This allows rhizomes or potted plants to establish roots before the main growing season, ensuring a healthy start.
When planting, prepare a hole large enough for the rhizome or root ball, enriching it with compost or slow-release organic fertilizers. Plant rhizomes horizontally with buds pointing upwards, one to two inches deep. For potted plants, ensure the root ball top is level with the soil surface, then backfill and water thoroughly. Space plants three feet apart for adequate growth and air circulation.
A robust support structure is essential for ‘Magnum’ hops, as bines are vigorous climbers, reaching 20 to 30 feet in a season. Tall trellises, strong twine systems, or sturdy poles are effective. As young bines emerge and grow to about a foot, select the strongest two to three shoots per plant to train, guiding them clockwise around the support.
Ongoing Care
Fertilization supports rapid plant development. Apply a balanced fertilizer in early spring and midsummer, or top-dress with compost. During vegetative growth, a higher nitrogen fertilizer encourages foliage; transition to a potassium-rich feed in late summer for cone formation.
Pruning and training manage growth for optimal production. Early in the season, once bines are about one foot long, select the strongest two to three shoots per plant, removing the rest and directing chosen bines clockwise up their support.
Later, crown management may involve removing excess shoots or pruning roots in a two to three-foot circle around the base to control vigor and redirect energy to cone production. Late winter or early spring pruning helps maintain plant health, improves air circulation, and reduces fungal disease risk.
While ‘Magnum’ hops resist Verticillium Wilt and Downy Mildew, they are susceptible to powdery mildew. Regularly inspect foliage for pests like hop aphids or disease signs. Good air circulation through proper spacing and pruning helps prevent fungal issues. If problems arise, apply appropriate organic or chemical controls, focusing on prevention.
Harvesting and Applications
Cones typically mature in late August or early September, depending on the region. Maturity signs include a dry, papery feel, a light and springy texture when squeezed, and a pungent aroma when rubbed. Sticky, yellow lupulin glands inside the cone indicate readiness.
Once mature, cones can be picked individually or the entire bine cut two to three feet above ground for easier harvesting. Proper drying is crucial to preserve quality and aromatic compounds. Dry cones to eight to ten percent moisture, indicated by a brittle central stem and easily detached lupulin. This can be done on screens in a well-ventilated area or using a food dehydrator. For long-term storage, vacuum-seal and freeze dried hops to maintain potency and freshness.
The primary application of ‘Magnum’ hops is brewing, valued as a high-alpha acid bittering hop. They impart a clean, smooth bitterness without harshness, making them versatile for IPAs, pale ales, lagers, and stouts. While not primarily an aroma hop, ‘Magnum’ can contribute subtle spice or citrus notes.
Beyond brewing, ‘Magnum’ hops have other uses. Their vigorous climbing habit and lush foliage make them attractive ornamental plants, often used for shade over pergolas or to cover trellises and walls. Historically, hops were associated with herbal remedies, though this use is less common today.