Lithops, often called “living stones” or “pebble plants,” are distinctive succulents native to the arid landscapes of Southern Africa. They mimic stones and pebbles in their natural habitat, a survival mechanism. Their unique appearance and ability to blend seamlessly make them captivating additions.
Understanding Lithops Growth Cycles
Lithops follow a specific annual growth cycle that dictates their care. In autumn, plants emerge from summer dormancy, initiating renewed growth and often flowering. New leaves develop, pushing up from within the existing pair.
As winter progresses, new inner leaves grow, absorbing moisture and nutrients from the old outer leaves. The old leaves shrivel into papery husks, a natural process not to be interrupted by watering. By late spring or early summer, old leaves are fully absorbed, and the plant enters dormancy, conserving water and energy through the hottest months.
Essential Lithops Care
Lithops require significant light, ideally four to five hours of direct morning sun followed by partial afternoon shade. A south-facing window is often suitable, though an unobstructed east-facing one can also work. Insufficient light leads to elongated growth and a loss of their distinctive patterns.
Lithops need extremely well-draining soil to prevent root rot. A gritty mix, typically 80-90% inorganic materials like pumice, coarse sand, perlite, or crushed granite, is suitable. Pots must have drainage holes; terracotta is often preferred for its breathability.
Correct watering is crucial, as overwatering is a common issue. Withhold water throughout winter and spring while new leaves develop and absorb old ones. Resume watering in late spring to early summer, and again in late summer or early autumn as plants exit dormancy and prepare to flower. Use a “soak and dry” method, allowing soil to dry completely. If the plant appears wrinkled or shriveled outside the splitting phase, it may need water.
Lithops thrive at 65-80°F during active growth, tolerating up to 100°F. They prefer cooler conditions (50-60°F) during winter dormancy. Good air circulation prevents moisture buildup and rot.
Repotting and Propagation
Repot Lithops every few years or when they outgrow their container. The best time is spring, after new leaves emerge and old ones are absorbed, or just before the growing season. When repotting, gently remove the plant, clear old soil, and handle roots carefully. Lithops have long taproots, so use pots 3-5 inches deep to accommodate their root system.
Propagate Lithops through division or seeds. Division occurs naturally when a plant produces multiple heads from a single root system, forming a clump. When dividing, carefully separate the plant, ensuring each new section has a sufficient portion of the taproot, and allow any cuts to dry before repotting.
Growing Lithops from seed involves sowing in spring or autumn on a sterile, gritty medium, not covered with soil. They require consistent moisture and warm temperatures (68-77°F / 20-25°C) for germination, which can take a few weeks. Seedlings need protection from direct sun and consistent moisture without waterlogging for the first few months.
Common Lithops Challenges
Lithops issues often relate to improper care. Rotting, primarily from overwatering during dormant or splitting phases, is common. A soft, squishy texture and vertical wrinkles indicate overwatering. If rot is suspected, cease watering, remove affected roots, and repot in dry, fresh soil.
Shriveled or wrinkled Lithops can indicate underwatering, unless it’s the natural absorption of old leaves by new growth. Understanding the plant’s growth cycle helps differentiate between a need for water and a natural process.
Stretching or “leggy” growth signals insufficient light. Lithops need bright light to maintain their compact form. Gradually move them to a brighter location to prevent this.
If a Lithops isn’t splitting or develops multiple leaves without old ones absorbing, it’s often due to overwatering or incorrect watering during the splitting phase. During splitting, withhold water completely to encourage old leaves to dry and transfer moisture to new growth.