Lenophyllum texanum, known as Texas Stonecrop or Coastal Stonecrop, is a low-maintenance succulent. Its visual appeal makes it a popular choice for both novice and experienced gardeners.
Characteristics and Native Habitat
Lenophyllum texanum is a creeping, hairless, succulent perennial herb that typically grows to a height of 10 to 40 centimeters. Its leaves are thick, fleshy, and boat-shaped, ranging from ovate-lanceolate to elliptic or oblanceolate, measuring approximately 10-25 mm long, 4-10 mm wide, and 3-5 mm thick. The foliage remains green in shadier conditions but can acquire reddish or brownish hues when exposed to more sunlight. In winter, the plant produces inconspicuous, rosy-yellow flowers on slender, upright spikes that rise above the foliage.
This succulent is native to southern Texas, specifically found in Cameron and Starr counties, and extends into northeastern Mexico, including Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. It thrives in environments near the coast, often growing on sandy soils, sand, or “clay dunes” at altitudes generally below 50 meters above sea level. Lenophyllum texanum frequently forms dense mats under the partial shade of cacti and other shrubs within coastal plains, the lower Rio Grande valley, open prairies, and thornscrub communities.
Cultivation and Care
Light
Lenophyllum texanum thrives in bright conditions, requiring full sun to bright indirect light to maintain its compact form and vibrant coloration. Insufficient light can lead to etiolation, where the plant stretches and becomes leggy as it seeks more light. While it can tolerate some partial shade, particularly in hotter climates, its leaves may appear greener compared to the brownish or reddish tones seen in full sun exposure. Providing at least six to eight hours of light daily helps ensure robust growth and prevents undesirable stretching.
Water
Lenophyllum texanum has low water requirements and does not tolerate consistently wet conditions. Water thoroughly when the soil has completely dried out. During active growing seasons (spring to late summer), water more abundantly, then gradually reduce as fall approaches and suspend almost entirely during winter. Overwatering, especially in cooler months, can lead to root rot.
Soil
A very porous soil mix with excellent drainage is necessary for cultivating Lenophyllum texanum. It naturally tolerates dry and poor soils, preferring gritty, well-aerated substrates. A specialized succulent or cactus potting mix is highly suitable, as these blends prevent waterlogging. Gardeners can also create a suitable mix using components like peat moss, perlite, volcanic rock, and vermiculite, ensuring proper aeration and water flow.
Temperature and Humidity
Lenophyllum texanum prefers mild temperatures and is suited for USDA hardiness zones 7 through 10. While it can withstand short periods of cold down to approximately -6.7 °C, it is not truly cold-hardy and requires protection from frost. The plant thrives between 15 to 35 °C. Temperatures exceeding 30 °C in summer may induce dormancy. Sustained temperatures below 5 °C in winter necessitate moving potted plants indoors to prevent irreversible damage.
Fertilization
Fertilization for Lenophyllum texanum should be approached with caution, as succulents generally do not require heavy feeding. During the active growing season in summer, apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every six to eight weeks. Water the plant thoroughly both before and after applying fertilizer to aid nutrient absorption and prevent root burn.
Propagation
Lenophyllum texanum is easy to propagate, primarily through leaf or stem cuttings. Its leaves detach readily and root easily to form new plants. Simply place a detached leaf directly onto well-draining soil, where it will naturally root and grow. For stem cuttings, allow the cut end to callous over for a few days before planting in a suitable succulent or cactus mix.
Propagation can also be achieved from seeds, though this method is more challenging. Seeds typically germinate best when sown at temperatures between 19 to 24 °C, using a wet mix and damp sand in a shaded environment. Regardless of the method, consistent warmth and bright, indirect light help ensure successful rooting and establishment of new plants.
Common Issues and Troubleshooting
Root rot is a frequent problem for Lenophyllum texanum, primarily caused by overwatering. Its succulent nature means it stores water efficiently, making it susceptible to fungal issues in moist soil. Signs of overwatering include yellowing and wilting leaves, especially if new growth is affected. To address this, ensure the plant is in well-draining soil and allow the substrate to dry completely between watering sessions.
Etiolation, or “stretching,” occurs when the plant does not receive enough light, causing abnormal stem lengthening and sparse leaves. Ample bright light, ideally full sun, prevents this elongated growth and encourages a compact form. While specific pest issues are not widely documented, Lenophyllum texanum may attract common sap-sucking pests like mealybugs, which can be managed with appropriate horticultural treatments.