The Kikusui pear, a distinct variety of Asian pear, originated in Japan. This fruit has gained recognition for its refreshing crispness and appealing sweetness. Its name, sometimes translated as “floating chrysanthemum,” hints at its delicate nature and the beauty of its tree.
What Makes Kikusui Pears Unique
Kikusui pears are typically round, displaying smooth, yellow-green skin, though some may exhibit light russeting. Unlike many European pears that soften when ripe, Kikusui pears maintain a crisp, juicy, and non-gritty texture, similar to an apple. This firm, creamy white flesh provides a satisfying bite.
The flavor profile of a Kikusui pear is a harmonious blend of sweetness with a mild tartness, often accompanied by subtle aromatic or floral notes. Its delicate skin also contributes to a pleasant eating experience.
Growing Kikusui Pears
Kikusui pear trees thrive in full sun, requiring at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal fruit production and growth. They are hardy in USDA Zones 4 to 9, needing approximately 400 to 500 chilling hours (temperatures below 45°F during dormancy) to break dormancy and set fruit.
Kikusui pears prefer well-drained, loamy soil that is rich in organic matter. A soil pH between 5.9 and 7.5, ranging from slightly acidic to neutral, supports healthy growth. When planting, dig a hole that is twice as wide as the root ball but no deeper than the original soil line of the tree in its nursery pot. Amending the backfill soil with compost can improve drainage and nutrient availability, but avoid using straight compost or topsoil as backfill as it may retain too much moisture.
Kikusui pear trees are partially self-fertile, but fruit production significantly increases with cross-pollination from another compatible Asian pear variety. Suitable pollinators include ‘Shinseiki’, ‘Hosui’, ‘Ishiiwase’, or ’20th Century’. Some early-blooming European pear varieties, such as ‘Bartlett’ or ‘Ubileen’, can also cross-pollinate if their bloom times overlap.
Consistent watering is important, particularly during the tree’s establishment phase and when fruit is developing. Deep watering helps develop a strong root system; established trees generally require about an inch of water per week, either from rainfall or irrigation. It is important to allow the soil surface to dry slightly between waterings to prevent root rot.
Fertilization supports vigorous growth and fruit development. A balanced, slow-release fertilizer can be applied in early spring after the last frost. For established trees, annual fertilization in spring is often sufficient, with a focus on avoiding excessive nitrogen which can promote leafy growth at the expense of fruit. Mulching around the tree base helps retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
Pruning Kikusui pear trees in late winter or early spring, during their dormant period, helps shape the tree and promotes better air circulation. Removing any dead or damaged branches and thinning the tree’s center encourages healthy growth and allows more light to reach the developing fruit. Thinning fruit after pollination can also improve the size and quality of the remaining pears.
Harvesting and Storing Kikusui Pears
Kikusui pears should be allowed to ripen on the tree to develop their full flavor and crisp texture. The best indicators of ripeness are a slight color change from green to yellow and a sweet, crisp, and juicy taste when sampled. They typically ripen from mid-August to mid-September, depending on the climate and specific growing conditions. When picking, gently lift the pear; if it separates easily from the branch, it is ready. Handle the fruit with care to avoid bruising, as their skin is delicate.
For storage, Kikusui pears maintain their crispness well after harvest. They store best in a refrigerator at temperatures between 32°F and 35°F (0°C to 1.7°C) and can last for one to three months, with some reports suggesting up to five to seven months under ideal conditions. Storing them in the crisper drawer helps maintain the necessary humidity levels, which prolongs their freshness.
Common Challenges for Kikusui Pear Trees
Kikusui pear trees, like other fruit trees, can face certain challenges from pests and diseases. Common insect pests include the codling moth, which can damage fruit, and pear psylla, which feeds on sap and can cause leaf distortion. Monitoring for these pests and implementing appropriate management strategies, such as timely interventions, helps protect the tree and its fruit.
Diseases such as fire blight and pear scab can also affect Kikusui pear trees. Fire blight is a bacterial disease that causes branches and leaves to blacken, appearing as if scorched. While Kikusui is noted for good resistance to fire blight and moderate resistance to pear scab, these issues can still occur. Ensuring good air circulation through proper pruning and maintaining overall tree health can help minimize disease incidence.