Japanese Spurge (Pachysandra terminalis) is an evergreen groundcover known for its robust nature and ability to thrive in shaded environments. It forms a dense carpet of glossy, dark green leaves, providing year-round interest and a low-maintenance solution for areas where other plants might struggle.
Site Selection and Planting
Japanese Spurge thrives in partial to full shade, making it ideal for planting beneath trees or on north-facing areas. While it tolerates morning sun, intense afternoon sun can scorch its leaves, causing discoloration and stress. The soil should be well-draining, fertile, and rich in organic matter, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-6.5). Heavy clay soils can lead to root rot, while excessively sandy soils may not hold enough moisture or nutrients. Amending heavy soils with compost improves drainage and aeration.
Before planting, loosen the soil to a depth of 6 to 8 inches and incorporate compost to improve drainage and fertility. Dig individual planting holes that are twice as wide as the root ball and just as deep, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil surface. Space plants 6 to 12 inches apart for proper air circulation and to facilitate the formation of a continuous groundcover. After placing the plants, backfill with soil, gently firming it around the base to remove air pockets, and water thoroughly to settle the soil.
Ongoing Care and Maintenance
Watering
Consistent moisture is important for newly planted Japanese Spurge, especially during its first growing season. Water regularly to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Once established, Japanese Spurge exhibits some drought tolerance, but it benefits from supplemental watering during extended dry periods. Checking soil moisture about an inch below the surface helps determine when watering is needed.
Fertilizing
Japanese Spurge does not require heavy fertilization. An annual application of a balanced, slow-release granular fertilizer in early spring can promote vigorous growth and maintain foliage color. Alternatively, top-dressing with a layer of compost provides a slow, steady supply of nutrients and improves soil structure. Always follow manufacturer recommendations for application rates to avoid over-fertilization.
Pruning and Trimming
Pruning Japanese Spurge is beneficial for maintaining its appearance and promoting denser growth. Light trimming can be done in early spring before new growth begins, or in late fall. This helps remove leggy or damaged stems, encouraging more compact foliage. Shearing plants back by about one-third every few years can rejuvenate an older, sparse patch.
Addressing Common Issues
Japanese Spurge can encounter specific issues, with Volutella blight being a notable concern. This fungal disease, caused by Volutella pachysandrae, manifests as brown or black spots on the leaves, leading to stem cankers and eventual plant dieback. Humid conditions and dense plantings increase the risk; ensuring good air circulation is a preventive measure. Removing infected plant material immediately helps limit its spread, and in severe cases, a fungicide application may be considered.
Scale insects can also infest Japanese Spurge, appearing as small, immobile bumps on stems and the undersides of leaves. These pests feed on plant sap, leading to yellowing foliage and stunted growth. Horticultural oil, applied according to product instructions, effectively manages scale infestations by suffocating the insects. Spider mites may also become a problem, especially in hot, dry conditions, causing fine webbing and a stippled appearance on leaves. Regular watering and misting can help deter mites, and insecticidal soaps can be used for control.
Propagation
Propagating Japanese Spurge is commonly achieved through stem cuttings or division. For stem cuttings, take 3 to 4-inch sections of healthy, non-flowering stems in late spring or early summer. Remove the leaves from the lower half of each cutting and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cuttings in a well-draining rooting medium, such as a mix of peat moss and perlite, and keep them in a warm, humid environment away from direct sunlight until roots form.
Division is another effective method, often performed in early spring or fall when the plants are less stressed. Carefully dig up a clump of established Japanese Spurge and gently separate the root ball into smaller sections, ensuring each section has a healthy portion of roots and foliage. Replant these divisions immediately at the same depth as the original plant, spacing them appropriately. Water the newly planted divisions thoroughly to help them establish.