The Ice Cube Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) is a distinctive succulent known for its unique appearance. Its common names, such as Common Ice Plant or Crystalline Ice Plant, come from the glistening, bladder-like cells covering its leaves and stems, which resemble tiny ice crystals. This plant is also recognized for its resilience and drought tolerance, making it a popular choice for many garden settings.
Characteristics of the Ice Cube Plant
The Ice Cube Plant has distinct physical attributes. Its succulent leaves are typically ovate to spatulate, sometimes tear-drop shaped with wavy margins, and can reach 2 to 10 cm long. The most striking feature is the presence of enlarged epidermal bladder cells, often called “ice crystals,” which densely cover the leaves and stems, giving the plant a frosted appearance. These cells store water, contributing to the plant’s drought tolerance.
This plant typically exhibits a prostrate, spreading growth habit, forming a mat up to 1 meter wide. It produces small, many-petaled, daisy-like flowers that range from white to pink or mauve, measuring 2.5 to 5 cm across. These flowers open in the morning and close at night. The plant’s lifecycle varies; it can grow as an annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial, depending on environmental conditions.
Growing and Care
Successful cultivation of the Ice Cube Plant depends on providing conditions that mimic its native arid environments. Its succulent nature means it thrives under specific light, soil, and watering regimens.
Light Requirements
The Ice Cube Plant needs ample sunlight for optimal growth. It flourishes with full sun, meaning at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. Placing the plant where it receives morning light until early afternoon is ideal. Insufficient light can lead to leggy growth and reduced flowering.
While full sun is preferred, the Ice Cube Plant can tolerate partial shade, especially during intense afternoon heat in very hot climates. In these regions, providing some protection during peak sunlight hours can help prevent sunburn. For indoor cultivation, a south or west-facing window typically provides adequate light.
Soil Preferences
Well-draining soil is essential for the Ice Cube Plant, as it is susceptible to root rot in waterlogged conditions. Sandy or gravelly soil mixes are ideal, and a cactus or succulent potting mix works well for container plants. This plant tolerates a wide range of soil types, including nutritionally poor or saline soils, and can even grow in disturbed sites.
Avoid heavy clay soils that retain too much moisture, as these conditions are detrimental to the plant’s health. The plant prefers a neutral pH but can adapt to mildly acidic or basic conditions. Ensuring excellent drainage prevents excess water accumulation around the roots, which is necessary for its survival.
Watering Techniques
The Ice Cube Plant prefers its soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering is a common mistake that can lead to root rot, which is often fatal for this succulent. Water sparingly, especially once the plant is established.
During cooler months, the plant’s water requirements decrease, so reduce watering. When watering, provide a thorough soak, allowing excess water to drain away completely. This ensures the plant receives sufficient moisture without sitting in soggy conditions.
Temperature and Humidity
The Ice Cube Plant thrives in warm, dry climates, well-suited to Mediterranean-like conditions. It prefers moderate temperatures, ideally around 20°C (68°F), and tolerates dry conditions. Moderate humidity levels are generally sufficient.
The plant is sensitive to frost and will be damaged or killed by freezing temperatures. In areas with cold winters, it is often treated as an annual or brought indoors for protection. Ideal temperatures range between 10 to 38°C (50 to 100°F).
Fertilization
The Ice Cube Plant generally has low fertilization requirements. In good soil, it often needs little to no additional nutrients. Over-fertilizing can lead to leggy growth instead of robust development.
If fertilization is necessary, especially for mature plants to encourage blooming, apply a very diluted, balanced fertilizer. Slow-release fertilizers or those formulated for succulents and cacti, applied once or twice annually in spring and mid-summer, can provide a sustained nutrient supply. After applying granular fertilizer, water the plant to help dissolve nutrients and protect the roots.
Propagating Ice Cube Plants
Propagating Ice Cube Plants is a straightforward process, primarily achieved through seeds or stem cuttings. Both methods allow gardeners to expand their collection.
For seed propagation, sow tiny seeds indoors from late winter to late spring. Use a well-draining seed starting mix, such as a 50/50 sand-soil blend or succulent mix. Surface-sow seeds or lightly press them onto the soil, as they require light for germination. Keep the seed tray in a bright location, away from direct sunlight, and the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Germination can take a few weeks to a couple of months. Once seedlings develop a few sets of true leaves, transplant them into individual pots.
Stem cuttings offer a quicker alternative. Select healthy stems, approximately 3-4 inches long, and cut just below a node. Allow cuttings to dry and callous over for a few days to prevent rot. Once calloused, insert them into well-draining soil, ensuring at least one node is buried. Keep the soil lightly moist and place the pot in indirect sunlight; roots should develop within a few weeks.
Common Uses
The Ice Cube Plant is valued for its versatility, used as an edible plant, in traditional medicine, and as an ornamental groundcover.
The leaves and stems are edible, offering a slightly salty and tart flavor. They can be consumed raw, added to salads, or used as a garnish. The plant was once promoted as a spinach substitute. In traditional medicinal practices, crushed leaves have been used as a soap substitute and for treating inflammations, ascites, dysentery, and issues related to the liver and kidneys.
As an ornamental plant, its distinctive glistening foliage makes it an attractive groundcover, especially in xeriscaping or coastal gardens where its drought and salt tolerance are advantageous. Its ability to thrive in challenging conditions contributes to its popularity in landscaping.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
While the Ice Cube Plant is generally resilient, certain issues can arise, primarily related to improper care.
Overwatering is the most frequent problem, leading to root rot. Symptoms include yellowing leaves and stems that wither and die. To prevent this, ensure the soil dries out completely between waterings and use a well-draining soil mix. If root rot is suspected, improving drainage and allowing the soil to dry can sometimes save the plant.
Lack of vigor or poor flowering often indicates insufficient light or inadequate drainage. Ensuring the plant is in a sunny location and its soil drains well can resolve these issues.
Pests are not a common problem, but aphids and mealybugs can occasionally infest the plant. Inspecting plants regularly for signs of damage or sticky residue helps detect infestations early. Small infestations can often be managed by dabbing pests with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol.