The heart-shaped philodendron (Philodendron hederaceum) is a popular houseplant known for its attractive foliage and simple care. It is also known as Sweetheart Plant or Heartleaf Philodendron, with varieties like Philodendron Brasil or Micans. Its adaptability makes it an excellent choice for new plant owners.
Essential Care Requirements
Light
Heart-shaped philodendrons thrive in bright, indirect light. Place them near an east or west-facing window to provide sufficient light without direct sun, which can scorch leaves. Too much direct sun can cause pale or scorched leaves. Leggy growth or dull foliage indicates insufficient light.
Watering
Water thoroughly, then allow the top inch or two of soil to dry before rewatering. This prevents overwatering and underwatering, which can lead to root rot or wilting. Signs of overwatering include yellowing leaves with brown spots, while underwatering can cause leaves to droop, turn yellow, or develop brown, brittle edges. Ensure the pot has drainage holes to allow excess water to escape.
Soil Mix
A well-draining, aerated soil mix is important. An ideal blend includes peat moss, perlite, and pine bark, balancing moisture retention and drainage. This prevents compacted, waterlogged soil and root problems. Amending typical indoor potting soil with perlite or orchid bark enhances drainage.
Temperature and Humidity
These tropical plants prefer temperatures between 65°F and 80°F (18°C and 27°C). They tolerate average household humidity, but higher humidity (ideally 50-60%) promotes larger leaves and more vigorous growth. To increase humidity, use a pebble tray, mist periodically, or group plants.
Fertilizing
During the active growing season, fertilize your heart-shaped philodendron every 4-6 weeks with a balanced, water-soluble houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to brown or curling leaf tips. Reduce or stop fertilizing in fall and winter when growth slows.
Repotting Your Plant
Repot heart-shaped philodendrons every two to three years when they outgrow their container. Signs of being root-bound include roots emerging from drainage holes, stunted growth, or soil drying out quickly. Select a new pot only one to two inches larger, as philodendrons perform well when slightly pot-bound. Water the plant thoroughly the day before to reduce transplant stress and ease removal. Gently loosen the root ball, add fresh, well-draining soil, and settle the plant at the same depth.
Propagating Your Plant
Propagating heart-shaped philodendrons is straightforward using stem cuttings. Select a healthy vine and make a clean cut just below a node, ensuring the cutting has at least one or two leaves. Cuttings can be rooted in water or directly in a moist potting medium. For water propagation, place the cutting in a clear container with water, submerging the node while keeping leaves above the waterline. Change water every few days; roots typically sprout within a week, and the cutting is ready for soil once roots are 1-2 inches long.
Addressing Common Issues
Yellowing leaves often signal overwatering or insufficient light. Consistently wet soil may cause root rot, while a lack of light can diminish leaf vibrancy. Browning leaf tips indicate low humidity or underwatering, especially if leaves feel dry or crispy. Stunted growth can result from inadequate light, nutrient deficiency, or the plant being root-bound. Common pests like spider mites and mealybugs can be treated by periodically spraying the plant with water; for persistent infestations, apply insecticidal soap to both sides of the leaves.