The Hauszwetsche plum, a traditional European variety, offers a unique blend of flavor and versatility. It is a popular choice for fresh consumption and culinary applications, often highlighted in European baking traditions. Its distinctive qualities make it a valued addition to many gardens and kitchens.
Understanding Hauszwetsche
The Hauszwetsche plum (Prunus domestica subsp. domestica) has dark blue to purple skin and an oval shape. Its firm, greenish-yellow flesh is freestone. Its sweet, tart, and aromatic flavor makes it suitable for various culinary uses. This traditional European plum is often called “German Prune” or “Sweet Prune” due to its high sugar content and suitability for drying.
Planting and Establishing Hauszwetsche Trees
Select an appropriate site for planting Hauszwetsche trees. They thrive in full sun, with at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight daily. Well-draining soil is essential, as plums do not tolerate waterlogged conditions. The ideal soil pH for plum trees ranges from 6.0 to 6.8, slightly acidic to neutral.
Before planting, prepare the soil by incorporating organic matter like compost or aged manure to improve fertility and structure. Dig the planting hole two to three times wider than the root ball and just as deep. Position the tree so the graft union remains an inch or two above the soil line. After placing the tree, backfill with prepared soil, gently firming to remove air pockets, and water thoroughly to help the soil settle. Space standard-sized trees 12 to 25 feet apart to allow for mature growth and air circulation.
Ongoing Care for Hauszwetsche Trees
Regular watering is important for Hauszwetsche plum trees, especially during dry periods and the first growing season. Young trees require more frequent watering, about one to three times per week, while established trees need about an inch of water every seven to ten days. Deep watering every two to four weeks promotes strong root development. Consistent moisture is important when fruits are developing to prevent premature dropping.
Fertilization supports growth and fruit production. In early spring, before bud break, established trees benefit from a balanced fertilizer such as a 10-10-10 or 12-12-12 NPK blend. For young trees, lighter, more frequent applications may be beneficial. Avoid late-season fertilization (after August) to prevent new growth vulnerable to winter damage.
Pruning maintains tree health and encourages fruit production. It improves air circulation within the canopy, reducing the risk of fungal diseases. For plum trees, pruning in mid-summer after harvesting, or in late winter during dormancy is recommended. Remove dead, diseased, or crossing branches, and thin out shoots growing into the center to maintain an open structure.
Plum trees are susceptible to pests and diseases like aphids, spider mites, brown rot, and powdery mildew. Regular monitoring helps early detection. Cultural practices like sanitation, removing fallen leaves and fruit, and ensuring proper air circulation help prevent many issues. Organic solutions like insecticidal soap or neem oil manage aphid and spider mite infestations. For fungal issues like brown rot, prune infected parts and apply organic fungicides like sulfur or copper-based sprays.
Harvesting and Enjoying Hauszwetsche
Harvest Hauszwetsche plums for optimal flavor when their skin develops a deep purple to black-blue color and they feel slightly soft. A key indicator of ripeness is when the fruit separates easily from the branch with a gentle twist. Unlike some varieties, Hauszwetsche plums are best harvested when fully ripe for superior taste.
Gently twist the fruit from the stem to minimize damage. Use a step stool or ladder for higher branches, or a “shake and catch” method with a tarp for larger yields. Ripe plums store in the refrigerator for up to a week. For longer preservation, freeze, dry, or process plums into preserves.
Hauszwetsche plums are versatile in the kitchen. Their sweet, slightly spicy flavor and firm flesh make them ideal for baking, especially in plum cakes and tarts. They are excellent for making jams, compotes, and other preserves due to their high pectin content. Beyond cooking, these plums are delicious for fresh eating, offering a juicy sweetness.