The “giant laceleaf” plant, commonly known as Monstera deliciosa, is a popular indoor houseplant. It is recognized by its large leaves which develop characteristic splits and holes as they mature. This gives the plant its “lacy” or “Swiss cheese” appearance.
Key Characteristics
Monstera deliciosa is a vining plant known for its rapid growth and substantial size. Its leaves are dark green, glossy, and can grow quite large, ranging from 25 to 90 centimeters long and 25 to 75 centimeters wide. Younger leaves start as solid, heart-shaped structures, gradually developing fenestrations as the plant ages and receives sufficient light.
The plant develops aerial roots, which emerge from the stems above the soil line. In their natural habitat, these roots anchor the plant to trees for support and absorb moisture and nutrients from the air. Indoors, these roots can be directed back into the soil or trained onto a support structure.
Cultivation and Care
Monstera deliciosa prefers bright, indirect light, similar to its native rainforest habitat. Too much direct sun can scorch its leaves, while insufficient light may result in smaller leaves with fewer fenestrations.
Water when the top one to two inches of soil feel dry, typically every one to two weeks. Water thoroughly until excess water drains, but avoid letting the plant sit in standing water to prevent root rot. A well-draining, airy potting mix, often incorporating perlite, coco coir, or orchid bark, is ideal.
These tropical plants appreciate moderate to high humidity, ideally around 60%. In drier indoor environments, misting, using a pebble tray, or placing a humidifier nearby can help increase moisture. The plant thrives in temperatures between 65°F and 85°F (18°C to 29°C), and should be kept away from cold drafts. During the active growing season (spring through early fall), fertilize with a balanced liquid fertilizer every four to six weeks.
Repotting and Providing Support
Repotting Monstera deliciosa is generally needed every one to two years, or when roots emerge from the drainage holes, indicating it is root-bound. When repotting, select a new pot only one to two inches larger in diameter than the current one to prevent excess moisture retention.
Providing vertical support benefits the vining habit of Monstera deliciosa. A moss pole or trellis allows the plant to climb, mimicking its natural growth. This support encourages larger leaves and more pronounced fenestrations. Aerial roots can be gently guided to attach to the moss pole, aiding stability and nutrient uptake.
Propagation Methods
Propagating Monstera deliciosa is commonly done through stem cuttings. The ideal time for propagation is during the spring and summer growing seasons. Select a section of stem that includes at least one node, the point where a leaf or aerial root emerges. Cuttings without a node will not produce new growth.
The cutting, typically four to six inches long, should have any lower leaves removed. It can then be rooted in water or a well-draining soil mix. If rooting in water, submerge the node and any aerial roots, changing the water every few days to prevent bacterial growth. Once roots are several inches long, transplant the cutting into soil.
Addressing Common Problems
Common issues with Monstera deliciosa include yellowing leaves, often indicating overwatering or poor drainage, and browning leaf tips, signaling low humidity or underwatering. Adjusting watering practices and increasing humidity can resolve these concerns.
A lack of fenestrations on new leaves indicates the plant is either too young, not receiving enough light, or needs more support. Providing bright, indirect light and a climbing structure encourages fenestration development. Common pests include spider mites and mealybugs; these can be addressed by regularly inspecting the plant and treating affected areas with appropriate horticultural sprays.
Safety Considerations
Monstera deliciosa contains calcium oxalate crystals in all parts of the plant. If ingested, these crystals can cause irritation and a burning sensation in the mouth, tongue, and throat. While the toxicity is generally considered mild, it can lead to symptoms such as excessive drooling, swelling, and difficulty swallowing. Exercise caution, especially around curious pets and young children, to prevent accidental ingestion.