Gerbera daisies (Gerbera jamesonii), native to South Africa, are popular for their vibrant, cheerful blooms. These striking flowers offer a wide array of colors, including reds, oranges, pinks, yellows, and whites. Their distinct daisy-like appearance and long-lasting nature brighten any space, making them a common sight in gardens, floral arrangements, and containers.
Growing Gerbera Daisies
Light Requirements
Gerbera daisies thrive in locations with ample sunlight, requiring at least six hours of direct sun daily for abundant blooming. In regions with intense summer heat, protect them from harsh afternoon sun. Planting them where they receive morning sun and afternoon shade prevents scorching. Insufficient light leads to fewer blooms and leggy growth.
Soil and Potting
Well-draining soil rich in organic matter is crucial for Gerbera daisies, which prefer a slightly acidic pH (5.5-6.5). Proper drainage prevents root and crown rot from saturated conditions. In heavy or clay soil, use containers or raised beds with quality potting mix for aeration and drainage. When planting, ensure the plant’s crown sits slightly above the soil line to prevent rot.
Watering Practices
Consistent moisture without waterlogging is key. Gerbera daisies need about one inch of water weekly, more during hot, dry periods or when newly established. Water in the morning, allowing the top one to two inches of soil to dry between waterings. Watering at the base keeps foliage dry, reducing fungal disease risk.
Temperature and Humidity
Gerbera daisies flourish in moderate temperatures, ideally 65°F to 70°F. While they tolerate temperatures as low as 40°F, prolonged cold or frost causes damage. They do not fare well in extreme heat or overly humid conditions. Average humidity levels are suitable for their growth.
Fertilizing
Regular fertilization promotes vigorous growth and continuous blooms. During the active growing season (spring and summer), feed Gerbera daisies every two weeks with a water-soluble fertilizer. A phosphorus-rich, low-nitrogen formula (e.g., 15-7-15) encourages flowering over leaf growth. For garden beds, incorporating compost can provide sufficient nutrients, reducing the need for additional fertilizer.
Common Problems and Solutions
Pests
Gerbera daisies are susceptible to common garden pests like aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Regularly inspect leaf undersides for early detection. For small infestations, a strong water spray can dislodge them. Larger populations are managed with insecticidal soap or neem oil, applied according to product instructions, preferably in the late evening to avoid harming pollinators and sun damage.
Diseases
Gerbera daisies can be affected by diseases often linked to improper watering or high humidity. Powdery mildew appears as white spots on leaves, thriving in humid, poorly ventilated environments. Root and crown rot occur when soil is waterlogged, causing wilting and discolored foliage. Preventative measures include proper soil drainage, avoiding overhead watering, and allowing soil to dry slightly between waterings.
Leaf Discoloration
Yellowing or browning leaves on Gerbera daisies indicate various issues. Overwatering or underwatering disrupt nutrient absorption. Nutrient deficiencies, like iron deficiency, cause yellow stripes, especially with high soil pH (above 6.2). Environmental stress, such as extreme temperatures or transplant shock, also contributes to leaf discoloration. Address watering habits, adjust soil pH if necessary, and provide a stable environment to resolve these problems.
Pruning and Deadheading
Pruning and deadheading encourage continuous blooming and maintain plant health. Deadheading, removing spent flowers, redirects energy from seed production to new blooms. Cut the flower stalk back to the base to extend the flowering season. Regularly remove yellowed, damaged, or diseased leaves to improve air circulation and prevent fungal issues. Removing excess foliage from the plant’s center allows more light to reach the crown, promoting better flower production.
Winterizing Gerbera Daisies
In colder climates (below 40°F), Gerbera daisies, often treated as annuals, can be overwintered indoors. Before the first frost, carefully dig up the plant, keeping the root ball intact. Pot it in a container with well-draining potting mix, ensuring the crown remains at or slightly above soil level. Gradually acclimate the plant by bringing it inside at night and outdoors during the day over several weeks.
Indoors, place the potted Gerbera in a cool, bright location (45°F-60°F), ideally with indirect light. Reduce watering significantly during winter, providing just enough moisture to prevent complete drying, about once a month. Avoid fertilizing during this dormant period.