Forest cacti challenge the image of arid succulents, thriving in humid tropical forests. They often grow without direct ground contact, rooting onto trees or rocks, adapting to their surroundings. Their diverse forms and vibrant blooms offer distinct charm for cultivation.
What Are Forest Cacti
Forest cacti, also known as jungle or tropical cacti, originate from humid tropical rainforests of the Americas. They typically grow as epiphytes, rooting onto trees for support and light without causing harm. Some varieties are lithophytic, establishing on rocks in moist environments. This habit allows them to absorb moisture and nutrients from air, rainfall, and decaying organic matter.
Unlike desert cacti, forest cacti lack prominent spines and feature flattened, leaf-like, or cascading stems. They are adapted to high humidity and consistent moisture, contrasting with the extreme heat and dryness of desert species. While both store water, forest cacti need more regular hydration and less intense light.
Common Forest Cactus Varieties
Schlumbergera, widely recognized as Christmas, Thanksgiving, or Easter cacti, are among the most popular forest cacti. These plants feature segmented, fleshy stems and showy, tubular flowers in shades of red, pink, white, orange, or purple, typically blooming in cooler months for vibrant holiday color.
Another well-known group is Rhipsalis, often called Mistletoe Cactus, which includes many species with unique, elongated, and often pendulous stems. These epiphytic cacti are admired for their trailing growth habit, making them excellent choices for hanging baskets. Their delicate stems create a cascading display, sometimes producing small white or yellow flowers and tiny berries.
Epiphyllum, known as Orchid Cacti, are known for large, often fragrant flowers. These plants have broad, flat, leaf-like stems that can grow quite long and trail downwards. Their impressive blooms, ranging from white to red and often opening at night, make them popular.
Essential Forest Cactus Care
Light
Forest cacti thrive in bright, indirect light, mimicking their natural tree canopy habitat. Direct, intense sunlight scorches delicate stems, causing brown or crispy edges. An east or west-facing window with gentle morning or afternoon sun is ideal. In south-facing rooms, position the plant away from the window or use sheer curtains to diffuse light.
Watering
Forest cacti prefer consistent moisture but are susceptible to overwatering. Allow the top inch or two of soil to dry between waterings, avoiding complete aridity. Water thoroughly until excess drains from the pot’s bottom, ensuring the entire root ball receives moisture. During active growth and blooming, they may need more frequent watering than during dormancy.
Soil
A well-draining, airy potting mix suits forest cacti. Unlike sandy desert mixes, they benefit from organic matter that allows good aeration. A mixture of orchid bark, perlite, peat moss, or coconut coir provides drainage while retaining moisture. Commercial cactus and succulent soils can work, but ensure they are not too dense.
Temperature and Humidity
Forest cacti prefer warm temperatures, 65-80°F (18-27°C) during the day, with slightly cooler nights. Protect them from cold drafts and extreme fluctuations. As rainforest natives, they appreciate higher humidity (50-70%). Increase humidity by grouping plants, using a pebble tray, or employing a humidifier.
Fertilizing
Fertilization supports forest cacti growth and flowering. During their active growing season (spring and summer), feed them a balanced fertilizer or one formulated for cacti and succulents. A 10-10-10 ratio can encourage blooming. Dilute fertilizer to half strength to prevent nutrient burn, applying once a month or a few times throughout the growing season.
Potting
Select an appropriate pot size and material. Drainage holes are necessary to prevent waterlogging and root rot. While material isn’t as important as drainage, pots allowing air circulation can be advantageous. Repotting is generally needed when the plant becomes root-bound or soil quality degrades, typically every two to three years.
Propagating Your Forest Cactus
Propagating forest cacti through stem cuttings is simple. Take a cutting with two to three stem segments using a clean, sharp knife or scissors. Allow the severed end to dry and form a callus for a day or two to prevent rot once planted.
Once callused, plant the cutting in a well-draining potting mix, burying the bottom segment enough to keep it upright. Water lightly and maintain consistent soil moisture, avoiding saturation. Bright, indirect light and warmth encourage rooting, typically within a few weeks. Some varieties, like Rhipsalis, can also root from stem segments laid directly on the soil surface.
Solving Common Forest Cactus Problems
Overwatering is a frequent issue, leading to wilting stems or root rot. If stems are soft or mushy, reduce watering and ensure soil dries adequately between waterings. Conversely, shriveling or wrinkling stems indicate underwatering, requiring more consistent moisture.
Insufficient light causes leggy growth and lack of blooms. Move the plant to a brighter, indirect light location. Red marks or a purple hue on stems suggest too much direct sunlight; move the plant to a more shaded spot to prevent scorching. Pests like mealybugs or spider mites can affect forest cacti; manage them with horticultural soap or neem oil.