Nymphoides hydrophylla ‘Taiwan’, known as Floating Heart Fern or Taiwan Lily, is an aquatic plant with distinctive heart-shaped leaves and vibrant green coloration. It originates from southern Taiwan and other parts of Asia and Africa, typically found in slow-moving streams. Its foliage creates a visual element whether floating or rooted. It adapts well to aquatic and semi-aquatic displays.
Floating Heart Fern Care
Floating Heart Fern thrives in various environments with specific parameters.
Light Requirements
Floating Heart Fern benefits from moderate to bright, indirect light. Brighter light promotes robust growth; excessive direct sunlight can scorch leaves, while insufficient light may result in leggy growth and pale foliage. In aquariums, filtered light, such as beneath taller plants, is beneficial.
Water Quality and Substrate
For aquatic setups, Floating Heart Fern adapts to a pH of 6.0 to 8.0 and soft to moderately hard water. Stable, clean water benefits its health. While it can float freely, it can also be rooted in a nutrient-rich substrate. Nutrient-rich substrates support stronger growth and prevent deficiencies. For semi-aquatic or terrarium environments, a consistently moist, well-draining, nutrient-rich substrate mimics its natural habitat.
Temperature and Humidity
Floating Heart Fern prefers warmer water temperatures, ideally 75-80°F (24-27°C) for optimal growth. It adapts to temperatures as low as 68°F (20°C) with slower growth. High humidity is important for emergent growth. In enclosed environments like terrariums or paludariums, maintaining humidity above 60% prevents leaves from drying out.
Fertilization
This plant requires consistent nourishment. In aquatic setups, it absorbs nutrients from the water column, making liquid fertilizers suitable. For rooted or semi-aquatic plants, root tabs or diluted liquid fertilizers applied monthly during growing seasons (spring and summer) provide necessary nutrients. Avoid over-fertilization; it can lead to imbalances.
Pruning and Maintenance
Floating Heart Fern is a fast-growing plant benefiting from regular trimming to manage size and encourage bushier growth. It can become tall and dense, potentially shading other aquarium plants. Pruning involves removing older or decaying leaves at their base using clean, sharp tools. This promotes new growth and maintains aesthetic appeal.
Propagating Floating Heart Fern
Propagating Floating Heart Fern is straightforward, primarily through natural plantlet production. The plant produces new plantlets on runners extending from the mother plant. These miniature plants develop leaves and roots while still attached.
Once a plantlet has developed leaves and a sufficient root system, it can be gently detached. These new plantlets can then be planted directly into a suitable substrate or allowed to float freely. Consistent water quality and adequate lighting help establish new plants. Division of the rhizome is also a propagation method, particularly for larger, established plants.
Common Issues with Floating Heart Fern
Floating Heart Fern can experience issues affecting its appearance and growth. Early recognition allows timely intervention.
Yellowing or Discolored Leaves
Yellowing leaves often signal nutrient deficiency (e.g., lack of iron) or light exposure issues. Improper water quality, including pH or hardness imbalances, can also contribute to discoloration. Balanced fertilization and appropriate light levels help resolve yellowing. If the issue persists, testing and adjusting water parameters to its preferred range may be necessary.
Stunted Growth or Melting
Newly introduced Floating Heart Ferns may undergo “melting” or stunted growth as they acclimate. This commonly responds to changes in water parameters or light. Established plants experiencing stunted growth might suffer from unsuitable environmental conditions, such as incorrect temperature or nutrient lockout. Stable conditions, consistent temperature, and a balanced nutrient supply prevent these issues.
Algae Growth
Algae growth on Floating Heart Fern leaves, particularly in aquatic setups, indicates light and nutrient imbalance. Excessive light with abundant nutrients fuels algae proliferation. Reducing light intensity or duration, alongside regular water changes to lower nutrient levels, helps control algae. Introducing algae-eating tank inhabitants can also be part of an integrated strategy.
Best Uses for Floating Heart Fern
Floating Heart Fern offers versatility, suitable for various aquatic and semi-aquatic environments. Its appearance enhances diverse setups.
In aquariums, Floating Heart Fern can be used as a mid-ground or background plant when rooted, or allowed to float freely. As a floating plant, its broad leaves provide shade and shelter for fish, creating a natural habitat. Its lush green foliage adds depth and visual interest, making it a focal point.
Beyond aquariums, Floating Heart Fern is suitable for outdoor ponds or water gardens in appropriate climates. Its ability to grow both submerged and emergent makes it adaptable. For enclosed environments like terrariums and paludariums, Floating Heart Fern is suitable. Its preference for high humidity and compact growth allows it to thrive and contribute to the semi-aquatic aesthetic.