The fern leaf cactus, Epiphyllum anguliger, is known for its distinctive, deeply lobed and wavy flat stems. These stems resemble a fishbone or zig-zag pattern, leading to common names like Ric Rac Cactus or Fishbone Cactus. Originating from Mexico’s rainforests, this epiphytic cactus naturally grows on tree trunks and branches, receiving filtered light. Its unique appearance and relatively low-maintenance nature make it a popular ornamental plant. It is also non-toxic, suitable for homes with pets and children.
Essential Care for Fern Leaf Cactus
The fern leaf cactus thrives in bright, indirect light, mimicking its natural habitat. Place it near a north or east-facing window indoors, shielding it from harsh, direct sunlight that can scorch its stems. If moving outdoors, select a location with partial shade or morning sun, gradually acclimating it to prevent sun damage. Yellowing or browning stems can indicate excessive direct sun exposure.
Water correctly, as it prefers more moisture than typical desert cacti. Allow the top 1-2 inches (2-5 cm) of soil to dry out between waterings during the growing season. Water thoroughly until water drains from the bottom, but avoid letting the plant sit in standing water, which can lead to root rot. Reduce watering significantly in winter, allowing the soil to dry almost completely.
A well-draining, airy soil mix is necessary to replicate its epiphytic growth habit. A suitable blend includes cactus soil amended with orchid bark and perlite, ensuring quick drainage while retaining some moisture. This mix supports healthy root development by providing good aeration. Repotting every 1-2 years in spring helps refresh the soil and provides room for growth.
This plant prefers moderate to high humidity, ideally around 60%. Temperatures between 61°F and 77°F (16°C to 25°C) are most favorable, though it can tolerate short periods down to 50°F (10°C). Avoid temperatures below 50°F (10°C), as the plant is not frost-tolerant.
Fertilization supports vigorous growth and flowering during the active growing season. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer, or one low in nitrogen and higher in phosphorus, diluted to half strength every 4-6 weeks from spring through summer. Phosphorus encourages flower production. Discontinue fertilizing in late summer or fall to allow the plant to enter a rest period before winter.
Unique Flowering and Fruiting
The fern leaf cactus is known for its distinctive nocturnal blooms. Large, fragrant flowers, typically white or creamy white with yellow or pinkish hues, emerge and open at night, lasting only briefly before fading by morning. These showy blossoms, often 4 to 8 inches long, attract nocturnal pollinators in their natural habitat.
Flowering usually occurs from late summer into fall, though some plants may bloom several times. Achieving blooms requires specific conditions, including proper light, cooler winter temperatures, and plant maturity. A cool rest period, with temperatures between 50°F and 60°F (10°C to 16°C) and reduced watering during fall and winter, can help trigger flower bud formation.
Following successful pollination, the plant can produce small, often red or purple, edible fruits. These fruits are less commonly seen in indoor cultivation.
Propagation Techniques
Propagating the fern leaf cactus is straightforward, primarily through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem section, at least 6 inches long, using clean, sharp shears or a knife. Allow the cut end to “callus” or dry for 1-2 days before planting. This callusing prevents rot once the cutting is placed in soil.
After callusing, plant the cutting about 1-2 inches deep into a well-draining potting mix, such as a succulent or orchid mix with added perlite. Several cuttings can be planted together to create a fuller plant. Keep the soil slightly moist during rooting, and provide warmth and bright, indirect light to encourage root development. Roots typically form within a few weeks, and new growth signals successful establishment.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Yellowing or browning stems often indicate an imbalance in care. Overwatering, leading to root rot, is a common culprit, causing stems to become soft and discolored. Conversely, underwatering can lead to wilting and browning as stems lose plumpness. Too much direct sunlight can also cause stems to yellow or develop a reddish tint due to scorching. Adjusting watering frequency and light exposure can resolve these issues.
A lack of blooms is a frequent concern. This can stem from insufficient light, as the plant requires bright, indirect light to produce flowers. Immature plants typically do not bloom, as flowering often begins after about three years. Improper care, such as inadequate cool rest periods or incorrect fertilization (e.g., too much nitrogen), can also inhibit flowering. Ensuring proper light, temperature, and a cool, drier rest period encourages bud formation.
While generally resistant, the fern leaf cactus can occasionally face common houseplant pests. Mealybugs, spider mites, and scale insects might infest the plant. Signs include sticky residue, webbing, or visible pests on the stems. Addressing these issues promptly with insecticidal soap or neem oil is often effective. Ensuring good air circulation and avoiding excessively humid, stagnant conditions can help deter pest outbreaks.