Euphorbia makallensis, often called the “sausage plant” or “Candelabra Spurge,” is a unique succulent valued for its striking appearance and relatively straightforward care. It’s a sought-after addition for both novice and experienced plant enthusiasts, thriving with minimal maintenance. Its distinct growth habit and resilience make it an appealing choice for various indoor and outdoor settings.
Plant Description and Origin
Euphorbia makallensis is characterized by its columnar shape, forming thick, upright stems that branch to create a candelabra-like structure or dense, cushion-shaped mounds. These slow-growing succulents typically reach a height of 6 to 30 inches and a width of 12 inches to 5 feet. The stems feature distinctive markings and thorns along their ribs, and the foliage is green. Small, yellow cyathes emerge in spring and winter, usually clustered near the tops or along the edges of the columns.
This succulent originates from the semi-arid and desert regions of Ethiopia, specifically the Tigray area. Its natural habitat often consists of rocky limestone soils in high-altitude tropical deserts, indicating its adaptation to extreme drought conditions and significant temperature fluctuations. This background informs its preference for well-drained conditions and tolerance for heat.
Caring for Euphorbia makallensis
Light Requirements
Euphorbia makallensis thrives in bright, direct sunlight, which is essential for its healthy growth and flowering. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. While it enjoys significant sun exposure, it can also tolerate some partial shade, particularly in intensely hot climates. If grown indoors, placing the plant near a south or west-facing window provides ideal conditions.
If the plant’s leaves appear weak or pale, it often indicates insufficient light, and a move to a brighter location may be beneficial. Gradual acclimatization is advised to prevent scorching. Overexposure to direct, unacclimated sunlight can lead to curled leaves and dried, brown edges, signifying dehydration and environmental shock.
Watering Needs
Euphorbia makallensis is a drought-tolerant succulent that requires limited watering, as it stores water in its thick, fleshy stems. Allow the substrate to dry out completely between waterings to prevent root rot. During its active growing seasons in spring and summer, watering once every two to three weeks is generally sufficient, ensuring the soil thoroughly dries out.
Water deeply in the early morning, allowing the soil to absorb moisture without leaving the roots sitting in water. In the dormant winter months, water needs are significantly reduced, often to once a month or less, only when the soil is entirely dry. Overwatering during this period can quickly lead to root rot, especially in cooler temperatures when the plant’s growth slows. Yellowing leaves and soft stems indicate overwatering, while wrinkled leaves suggest underwatering.
Soil Preferences
The ideal soil for Euphorbia makallensis must provide excellent drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can be detrimental to its root system. A well-drained potting mix specifically formulated for cacti and succulents is recommended. Such a mix often includes components like perlite, grit, and sand to enhance porosity and ensure no excess water accumulates around the roots.
The plant prefers slightly acidic soil, ideally with a pH around 5-6, though it can tolerate neutral to slightly alkaline conditions. If creating a custom mix, combining equal parts potting soil, sand, and perlite can achieve the necessary drainage and aeration. Using an unglazed clay pot is also beneficial, as its porous nature helps wick away excess moisture from the soil, preventing root rot.
Temperature and Humidity
Euphorbia makallensis tolerates heat well, reflecting its desert origins, but must be protected from frost and very low temperatures. It thrives in warm environments, with preferred daytime temperatures ranging from 65°F to 85°F (18°C to 29°C). Temperatures below 50°F (10°C) are not conducive to its health, and it is not frost-tolerant.
Euphorbia makallensis does not require high humidity and is well-suited to average household humidity (around 40%). High humidity becomes problematic, especially when combined with cold temperatures, as it can encourage fungal diseases. Ensuring good air circulation around the plant can help mitigate issues in more humid conditions.
Fertilization
Euphorbia makallensis is not a heavy feeder and has low fertilization needs. During its active growing season in spring and summer, it benefits from light, balanced fertilization. Applying a half-strength balanced liquid NPK fertilizer, such as a 5-10-5 formulation, once a month or every two to three months is recommended.
Use a succulent-specific feed, as these are tailored to the plant’s requirements. Fertilization should be withheld entirely during the dormant period in fall and winter to prevent unnecessary nutrient buildup that could stress the plant. Over-fertilizing should be avoided, as Euphorbia succulents generally thrive in nutrient-poor conditions, and excessive fertilizer can lead to weak, leggy growth or even root damage.
Propagating Euphorbia makallensis
Euphorbia makallensis can be propagated through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem section at least 6 inches long. After making the cut, allow the severed end to callus over for several days to a week. This step prevents rot when the cutting is planted.
Once the cut surface has dried and formed a callus, place the cutting in a pot filled with a well-draining succulent potting mix. Ensure the soil is lightly moist but not wet. Keep the pot in a warm location with bright, indirect light. Roots typically form within a few weeks, and once established, the new plant can be cared for like a mature specimen.
Common Problems and Solutions
Euphorbia makallensis is generally resistant to many common pests and diseases, but issues can arise from improper care. Overwatering frequently causes root rot, a condition where roots become mushy and brown, hindering nutrient uptake. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and soft stems. To address this, remove the plant from its pot, trim away affected roots, and allow healthy roots to air dry before repotting in fresh, well-draining soil.
Pests such as mealybugs and spider mites can occasionally affect Euphorbia makallensis. Mealybugs appear as white, fuzzy bumps on stems and leaf axils, while spider mites create fine webbing and cause small brown spots on foliage. Regular inspection helps in early detection. For infestations, gently wipe affected areas with a damp cloth or a cotton swab dipped in diluted rubbing alcohol. Ensuring proper air circulation and avoiding overly humid conditions can help prevent fungal issues like powdery mildew.
Safety Precautions
All Euphorbia species, including Euphorbia makallensis, produce a milky white latex sap when damaged. This sap can be highly irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Skin contact can cause redness, irritation, and a burning sensation, while eye exposure may lead to severe pain, blurred vision, and even temporary blindness. If ingested, the sap can cause burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, and tongue, and in severe cases, vomiting, diarrhea, or difficulty swallowing.
When handling Euphorbia makallensis, wear protective gloves and eye protection to avoid contact with the sap. If skin contact occurs, immediately wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water; rinsing with water alone may not be sufficient. For eye exposure, flush the eyes with fresh, cool water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists. Keep the plant out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental exposure or ingestion.