The Euphorbia tirucalli, commonly known as ET Fingers, is a striking succulent plant popular for both indoor and outdoor cultivation due to its distinctive, alien-like appearance. Its unique, pencil-thick stems and vibrant coloration, particularly when exposed to ample sunlight, make it a visually engaging addition to any plant collection or landscape. This plant’s unusual form contributes to its appeal, offering an architectural element that stands out.
Identifying ET Fingers
The plant is scientifically known as Euphorbia tirucalli, characterized by unique, slender, cylindrical stems that are typically leafless and resemble pencils or fingers, giving rise to its common name. These smooth, green branches often form brush-like masses, a defining feature of the species. Other common names include Pencil Cactus, Fire Sticks, Milk Bush, Pencil Tree, and Indian Tree Spurge. While often called a “Pencil Cactus,” it is important to note that Euphorbia tirucalli is a succulent, not a true cactus. This plant is native to dry regions of tropical Africa, with a wide distribution, and has also been introduced to other tropical areas like India.
Caring for ET Fingers
Light
ET Fingers thrives in abundant bright, direct sunlight, ideally receiving at least six hours daily. Strong light promotes compact growth and enhances vibrant red, orange, or yellow coloration in some varieties, particularly ‘Sticks on Fire’. Insufficient light leads to leggy growth, appearing stretched and spindly, and its characteristic colors may become dull. While it prefers full sun, it can tolerate some partial shade, though its growth may be slower in these conditions.
Water
As a succulent, Euphorbia tirucalli is highly drought-tolerant, storing water in its fleshy stems. Use the “soak and dry” method, allowing soil to dry completely between waterings to prevent root rot, which is a common issue from overwatering. Overwatering is a frequent cause of decline, as roots are susceptible to rot in consistently wet conditions. During cooler months, such as fall and winter, water needs decrease significantly, so reduce frequency to monthly or less often.
Soil
The plant requires a very well-draining soil mix to prevent waterlogging and root rot. A specialized cactus or succulent potting mix is highly recommended. For enhanced drainage, perlite or coarse sand can be added to a standard potting mix. The soil should allow water to pass through quickly, mimicking its natural arid habitat.
Temperature and Humidity
ET Fingers prefers warm temperatures, ideally thriving in a range of 65 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit (18 to 24 degrees Celsius). It is sensitive to frost; temperatures below 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius) can cause damage. If grown outdoors in cooler climates, it must be protected from freezing conditions. This plant has low humidity requirements and generally tolerates average household humidity levels well.
Fertilizer
This plant is not a heavy feeder and does not require frequent fertilization. During its active growing season in spring and summer, apply a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer sparingly. Dilute the fertilizer to half strength to avoid over-fertilization, which can harm the plant. Avoid fertilization during fall and winter when growth slows or it enters dormancy.
Propagating ET Fingers
Propagating new ET Fingers from stem cuttings is a straightforward process. Take healthy stem cuttings, typically 6 to 15 inches long, from the parent plant using a clean, sharp knife or pruning shears. Allow cuttings to dry and form a callus over the cut end for several days to prevent rot. Plant callused cuttings about an inch deep into a pot with well-draining soil, keeping the substrate moderately moist to encourage root growth. Roots typically form within a few weeks to a month. Always wear protective gear due to the plant’s sap.
Common Issues and Safety Considerations
Common Issues
Common problems encountered with ET Fingers often relate to improper watering. Overwatering frequently causes stem rot, characterized by soft, brown stems. Conversely, shriveling or limp branches indicate underwatering. Insufficient light can cause leggy growth and a lack of vibrant coloration.
Safety Considerations
A significant safety consideration when handling Euphorbia tirucalli is its milky white latex sap. This sap is highly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes and can cause severe skin irritation, redness, and a burning sensation upon contact. If the sap comes into contact with the eyes, it can cause severe pain, irritation, and even temporary or, in some cases, permanent blindness if not promptly treated. The sap is also toxic if ingested, potentially causing burns to the mouth, lips, and tongue. Therefore, wearing gloves and eye protection is strongly recommended when pruning, propagating, or otherwise handling the plant. It is also important to keep this plant out of reach of children and pets due to its toxicity.