The Dogwood Rice Flower (Cornus capitata), also known as Himalayan Dogwood or Evergreen Dogwood, is an appealing ornamental tree or large shrub. It offers year-round visual interest, valued for its unique floral display and distinctive fruit, making it a desirable addition to many garden settings.
Understanding Dogwood Rice Flower
Cornus capitata typically grows as an evergreen to semi-evergreen tree or shrub, reaching heights of 20 to 40 feet (6-12 meters) and a similar spread, often with horizontal branches. Its leaves are simple, opposite, and range from ovate to lanceolate, measuring between 2 to 5 inches (5-12 cm) long. They present a dark green, leathery texture on top, with a gray-green, fuzzy underside. Some older leaves may develop reddish or purplish tones in fall before new growth emerges in spring.
The plant’s distinctive “flowers” appear in late spring to early summer, usually around June or July. What often appear as petals are actually large, showy bracts, typically numbering four to six, which can be creamy-white to pale yellow, and occasionally white. These bracts, measuring up to 1.5 by 3 inches (4-8 cm), surround a central cluster of small, insignificant greenish-white true flowers, giving the plant its “rice flower” appearance. Following this floral display, fleshy, rounded, strawberry-like fruits develop, ripening in fall to a crimson or bright red color. These fruits are about 1 inch (2.5 cm) across and are considered edible, though their taste can vary from sweet to somewhat bitter.
Planting and Growing Conditions
Cornus capitata thrives in organically rich, medium-moisture, well-drained soils. While it prefers slightly acidic conditions, it can tolerate neutral to mildly alkaline soil pH. Good drainage is important to prevent root issues.
The Dogwood Rice Flower performs well in full sun to partial shade. In warmer climates, providing some afternoon shade can help protect the plant from intense heat and humidity, which it generally dislikes. It is typically hardy in USDA Zones 8 to 9.
Planting is best done in an area sheltered from harsh conditions. Dig a hole that is wider than the root ball, ensuring the plant is set at the same depth it was in its nursery container. Incorporating compost or other organic matter into the backfill soil can enhance fertility and drainage. After planting, thorough initial watering is essential to help settle the soil around the roots.
Care and Maintenance
Consistent moisture is important for the Dogwood Rice Flower, particularly for young plants and during dry periods. The soil should remain consistently moist, but not waterlogged, allowing the top inch or two to dry slightly between waterings. Established trees may require watering during extended dry spells to prevent stress.
For fertilization, a balanced slow-release fertilizer can be applied during the growing season. Alternatively, incorporating well-rotted organic matter or compost around the base of the plant in spring or fall provides nutrients and helps retain soil moisture. Young plants generally do not require heavy fertilization.
Pruning Cornus capitata typically involves minimal intervention. The best time for pruning is generally after flowering or in late winter to early spring when the tree is dormant. Focus on removing any dead, diseased, or damaged branches to maintain plant health and improve air circulation. Shaping can be done to create a desired form, but extensive pruning is usually not necessary.
Common Issues and Solutions
While Cornus capitata is generally considered to be relatively free of serious insect and disease problems, some issues can arise. Environmental stressors, such as drought or excessive heat and humidity, can weaken the tree, making it more susceptible to problems. Ensuring consistent watering and appropriate site selection helps mitigate these risks.
Some dogwood species can be affected by diseases like powdery mildew, which appears as a white, powdery coating on leaves, or anthracnose, causing leaf spots and twig dieback. Cornus capitata is noted for its resistance to anthracnose, a common issue for other dogwood varieties. If fungal issues appear, improving air circulation through light pruning and applying appropriate fungicides can help manage them.
Pests like aphids or dogwood borers can occasionally infest the tree. Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on sap, often causing distorted new growth. A strong spray of water can dislodge them, or insecticidal soap can be used for more significant infestations. Dogwood borers tunnel into the bark, potentially causing branch dieback; maintaining tree vigor and avoiding trunk injuries can help deter them. Nutrient deficiencies, often indicated by yellowing leaves, can be addressed by ensuring balanced fertilization and healthy soil conditions.