The Devil’s Tongue Cactus (Ferocactus latispinus) is a distinctive succulent native to central and southern Mexico. Its name comes from its prominent, broad, often reddish or purplish spines that resemble a devil’s tongue. This globular or barrel-shaped cactus is admired for its unique appearance and vibrant flowers, making it popular for both experienced collectors and novice gardeners. It thrives in high temperatures and low rainfall.
Essential Care Requirements
Light
The Devil’s Tongue Cactus requires abundant, direct sunlight to thrive. It should receive at least six hours of full sun daily. Outdoors, place it in a sunny spot; indoors, a bright south-facing window is best. If moving the plant from lower light, do so gradually to prevent sunburn, which appears as bleaching or browning spots.
Watering
Proper watering is crucial for Ferocactus latispinus; overwatering causes root rot. Use the “soak and dry” method: water thoroughly until it drains, then allow soil to dry completely. During its active growing season (spring to fall), water every 2-3 weeks, depending on conditions. In winter dormancy, significantly reduce or cease watering entirely to prevent rot.
Soil
A fast-draining, gritty, sandy soil mix is essential to prevent waterlogging and root rot for the Devil’s Tongue Cactus. Commercial cactus or succulent mixes are suitable for drainage. Alternatively, a homemade blend of equal parts potting soil, perlite, and coarse sand creates an ideal substrate. These mixes provide good aeration and rapid water permeability, replicating its natural desert habitat.
Temperature
The Devil’s Tongue Cactus prefers warm environments. It tolerates temperatures down to approximately 25°F (-4°C) for short periods, especially if the soil is completely dry. Freezing temperatures are detrimental; in cold regions, bring it indoors or provide protection. A cooler, dry winter dormancy (40-59°F / 5-15°C) encourages fall and early winter blooming.
Fertilizing
Fertilizing Ferocactus latispinus is not always necessary; cacti are not heavy feeders and tolerate nutrient-poor soils. If fertilizing, do so infrequently, once a month during spring and summer. Use a balanced, low-nitrogen fertilizer for cacti and succulents, diluted to half or quarter strength. Avoid fertilization during winter dormancy to prevent nutrient buildup.
Potting and Repotting
Unglazed terracotta pots are excellent for Devil’s Tongue Cactus due to their breathability and faster soil drying. This prevents moist soil and root rot. Repot every two to three years, or when root-bound, to refresh soil and provide growth space.
When repotting, handle carefully due to sharp spines, using thick gloves, folded newspaper, or tongs. After removal, inspect roots and remove diseased or rotting portions. Place in a slightly larger pot with drainage, filling with fresh, well-draining cactus mix. Wait at least a week before watering after repotting; this allows damaged roots to heal and prevents fungal issues.
Common Issues and Solutions
Root Rot
Root rot is a common issue for the Devil’s Tongue Cactus, caused by overwatering or poorly draining soil. Symptoms include a mushy base, yellowing, or general decline. If suspected, remove the plant, trim soft or discolored roots with sterilized tools, and allow healthy roots to dry and callus for several days. Repot into fresh, dry, well-draining soil. Proper watering is the most effective preventative measure.
Pests
Though generally resistant, Ferocactus latispinus can encounter mealybugs, spider mites, and scale insects. Mealybugs appear as cottony masses; spider mites cause fine webbing and stippling. Dab mealybugs with rubbing alcohol; use horticultural oil or insecticidal soap for spider mites. Regular inspection aids early detection and treatment.
Sunburn/Etiolation
Sunburn results from too much intense, direct sunlight too quickly, causing bleached or brown spots. This often happens when moving a plant from shade to full sun without gradual acclimatization. Etiolation occurs from insufficient light, causing stretching, paleness, and weak, elongated growth. For etiolation, gradually introduce brighter conditions; for sunburn, provide partial shade during the hottest part of the day.
Lack of Flowering
The Devil’s Tongue Cactus typically blooms in late autumn or early winter with vibrant purple or yellow funnel-shaped flowers. Lack of flowering often indicates insufficient light or an improper winter dormancy. To encourage blooming, ensure ample direct sunlight, especially during its growing season. A cool, dry winter resting period, with reduced watering and cooler temperatures, is also essential for flower production.