The Ferocactus latispinus, known as Devil’s Pin Cushion, Devil’s Tongue Barrel, or Candy Cactus, is a distinctive desert plant. Its unique appearance makes it a popular, low-maintenance choice and a focal point in gardens.
Key Characteristics of the Devil’s Pin Cushion
The Devil’s Pin Cushion is typically globular or barrel-shaped, 10-40 cm tall and 25-45 cm in diameter. It has about 21 prominent, acute ribs. Areoles on each rib produce broad, flattened, curved spines (red, pink, yellow, or gray), often up to 5 cm long. These spines contribute to its common name and help radiate heat and collect moisture.
It produces funnel-shaped flowers near its apex, blooming late autumn through early winter. Flowers are usually vibrant purple, rose, or yellow, about 4 centimeters in diameter. It can flower young, sometimes at 10-15 cm across. Following blooms, oval, scaled fruits develop, up to 2.5 centimeters long, appearing red or yellow when ripe. Native to central and southern Mexico, it thrives in arid and semi-arid environments like rocky outcrops, plains, and dry shrublands.
Essential Care for Devil’s Pin Cushion
Light Requirements
Adequate sunlight is important. It performs best in full sun, receiving at least six hours daily, which encourages healthy growth and vibrant spine coloration. While it tolerates partial shade, insufficient light may lead to stunted growth. Gradually increase exposure when moving to full sun to prevent sunburn. Indoors, a bright, south-facing window is ideal.
Soil and Potting
Proper soil and potting prevent root rot. It requires well-draining, gritty, sandy soil, like a specialized cactus mix amended with perlite, pumice, or coarse sand. Terracotta pots are preferred for their porous nature, allowing better root air circulation. The soil pH should be acidic to neutral (5 to 7). Repotting is generally needed every other year, selecting a pot one inch larger.
Watering Techniques
Watering involves a “soak and dry” approach. Water thoroughly, ensuring drainage, then allow soil to dry completely before the next watering. During active growing season (spring through autumn), watering every two to three weeks is sufficient. During winter dormancy, watering should be significantly reduced to about once a month or ceased entirely. Overwatering is a primary cause of issues, so it is better to underwater.
Temperature and Humidity
It is well-adapted to warm, dry conditions. It tolerates high temperatures but is not frost-tolerant. Mature plants can endure brief light frost (down to -4°C) if dry, but temperatures above 5°C are safer, especially during winter dormancy. This cactus prefers low to moderate humidity; avoid consistently high humidity areas like bathrooms or kitchens. It typically enters dormancy when temperatures drop below 10°C (50°F).
Fertilizing
Fertilization is not frequently required. During the active growing season (spring to summer), a low-nitrogen, balanced cactus fertilizer can be applied. A diluted solution every four to six weeks is adequate. Some growers opt for a single application of a natural organic fertilizer with an NPK ratio around 5-10-5 in spring. Avoid fertilizing during winter dormancy, as this can lead to issues.
Addressing Common Challenges
The Devil’s Pin Cushion can face challenges if environmental needs are not met. Understanding these problems and their solutions helps maintain a healthy cactus.
Root rot is a common issue, primarily caused by overwatering or poorly draining soil. Symptoms include general softness or shrinking, even if initially firm. To prevent this, ensure excellent soil drainage and adhere to the “soak and dry” watering method. If root rot is detected, remove affected parts, allow the plant to dry thoroughly, and then repot it in fresh, dry soil.
Pests like mealybugs, spider mites, and scale insects can affect the Devil’s Pin Cushion. Regular inspection, especially around the base and ribs, helps detect infestations early. For mealybugs, dabbing them with a cotton swab soaked in 70% isopropyl rubbing alcohol is effective. Spider mites can be dislodged with a strong spray of water or treated with neem oil. Scale insects can be removed by hand using thick gloves.
Lack of flowering can be a concern. While Ferocactus latispinus can bloom at a young age, insufficient light or lack of proper winter dormancy can hinder flower production. Ensuring ample full sun and a cool, dry winter resting period encourages blooming.
Shriveling or softness indicates either underwatering or, more commonly, overwatering. Discolored or browning shriveling suggests insufficient moisture. Conversely, unexpected softness, particularly at the base, points to excessive moisture and potential root rot. Adjusting watering practices based on these signs is important for recovery.