The Cyprus Cyclamen (Cyclamen cyprium) is a highly sought-after plant endemic to the island of Cyprus. Its delicate appearance makes it a favorite among plant enthusiasts.
Unique Characteristics and Identification
Cyclamen cyprium has distinct features. Its heart-shaped leaves have slightly scalloped or toothed margins, often displaying dark green with paler green or silver patterns, flecks, or spots. The underside of the leaves frequently has a reddish-purple hue. These leaves emerge in late autumn to early winter, sometimes with or after the flowers.
The flowers bloom from autumn to early winter, typically September to January in the wild. They are usually white, sometimes pale pink, and highly fragrant with a sweet scent. Each flower has five upswept petals, 10-25mm long, that reflex back with rounded tips. A prominent M-shaped magenta blotch, resembling a bird in flight, marks the base of each petal. The plant grows from a subglobose tuber, up to 10 cm in diameter, with a rough, grayish skin, and roots emerge from one side of the base.
Native Habitat and Ecology
Found exclusively on Cyprus, Cyclamen cyprium thrives in moist, shady locations. It often grows on north-facing slopes, among trees, under shrubs, in open pinewoods, and in seasonal stream gorges. The species adapts to Cyprus’s Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
It grows at elevations from 50 to 1950 meters, commonly between 300-1200 meters. It favors well-drained, calcareous soils on both limestone and igneous rocks. Its growth cycle aligns with this climate, beginning with cooler, damper weather, flowering in autumn and winter, and entering dormancy during the hot, dry summer.
Growing and Caring for Cyprus Cyclamen
Cultivating Cyclamen cyprium successfully requires mimicking its native conditions. These plants prefer bright, filtered light and should be kept out of direct sunlight, which can scorch their leaves. An east-facing window or a location with dappled shade is suitable for indoor growth.
The Cyprus Cyclamen thrives in well-draining, gritty mixes rich in organic matter and slightly alkaline to neutral. A blend of equal parts houseplant potting soil and peat moss works well. When planting, ensure the top half of the tuber protrudes above the soil line to promote drainage and prevent rot.
During active growth, keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water from the bottom by placing the pot in a shallow dish of water for 15-20 minutes, allowing the plant to absorb what it needs. This method prevents water from sitting on the tuber and leaves, which can lead to rot. Reduce watering significantly as the plant enters summer dormancy.
Cool temperatures are ideal for Cyclamen cyprium, with daytime temperatures between 10-18°C (50-65°F) and night temperatures between 4-10°C (40-50°F). Warmer temperatures can shorten the plant’s life and flowering period. High humidity, especially during winter, is helpful; placing the pot on a tray of pebbles filled with water can increase ambient humidity, ensuring the pot does not sit directly in the water.
Fertilization is not always necessary, but a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer can be applied every 2-4 weeks during the active growing season. During summer dormancy (late spring to early autumn), leaves will yellow and wither. Reduce watering, allow the soil to dry, and keep the pot in a cool, shaded place until new growth appears in the fall. Cyclamen can be susceptible to pests like thrips, fungus gnats, or mites, and diseases such as root rot or Fusarium wilt. Good air circulation helps prevent disease.
Conservation Status and Ethical Considerations
Cyclamen cyprium holds protected status due to its endemic nature and limited distribution. It is listed in CITES Appendix II, regulating international trade in wild specimens to prevent over-exploitation.
Collecting wild Cyclamen cyprium is strongly discouraged and often illegal, severely impacting natural populations. Instead, support ethically sourced, cultivated plants. When acquiring, seek reputable growers who propagate from seed or responsible cultivation methods. This ensures the continued survival of this unique Cypriot botanical treasure.