Cotyledon orbiculata variegata, also known as Pig’s Ear or Round-Leaf Cotyledon, is a captivating succulent. Originating from South Africa, this hardy plant is a popular choice among enthusiasts due to its ornamental value. Its unique appearance makes it a striking addition to any plant collection, indoors or outdoors in suitable climates.
Identifying Variegated Cotyledon Orbiculata
This variegated Cotyledon orbiculata cultivar has distinct physical characteristics, with fleshy, paddle-shaped leaves that are often rounded. The base color is grey-green, with creamy-white, yellow, or pink variegation along the margins or in marbled patches. A powdery farina covers the leaves, providing a soft, silvery sheen and protection from intense sun and water loss. Bright light or mild stress can cause leaf edges to develop a reddish hue. It can grow into a compact shrub, reaching up to 24 inches tall.
Caring for Variegated Cotyledon Orbiculata
Light Requirements
Cotyledon orbiculata variegata thrives in bright, indirect light, which maintains its vibrant variegation. It tolerates some direct morning sun, but intense midday sun, especially in summer, can cause scorching or sunburn (brown or white spots). Insufficient light leads to etiolation, where stems stretch and leaves become pale and sparse, losing its compact form and variegation.
Watering Practices
Proper watering is essential for this succulent, as it is susceptible to root rot from overwatering. Use the “soak and dry” method: allow the soil to dry completely between waterings. Water thoroughly until it drains from the pot. Water more frequently during the active growing season (spring and summer), but reduce significantly in winter dormancy, sometimes to once a month or less.
Ideal Soil Mix
A well-draining soil mix is essential for Cotyledon orbiculata variegata to prevent waterlogging and ensure healthy root development. A commercial succulent or cactus potting mix is suitable. For improved drainage, add amendments like perlite, pumice, or coarse sand to a general potting soil, comprising 30% to 70% of the mix. This ensures adequate root aeration, prevents compaction, and benefits the plant.
Temperature and Humidity
Cotyledon orbiculata variegata prefers average room temperatures, thriving between 65°F and 80°F (18°C to 27°C). It tolerates cooler conditions if kept dry, but is sensitive to frost and freezing temperatures, which can damage its fleshy leaves. If grown outdoors in cold winter regions, protect it from frost or bring it indoors. This succulent is well-suited to low humidity and well-ventilated conditions, typical of its native arid habitat.
Fertilizing Your Plant
Cotyledon orbiculata variegata is not a heavy feeder and adapts to nutrient-poor soils. Fertilize sparingly, once a month during its active growing season (spring and summer), using a balanced, diluted liquid succulent fertilizer. Over-fertilization can be detrimental, potentially causing root burn or excessive, weak growth. Cease fertilization during the plant’s dormant period in fall and winter.
Propagating Variegated Cotyledon Orbiculata
Propagating Cotyledon orbiculata variegata is done through stem cuttings, which are more successful than leaf cuttings for maintaining variegation. Select a healthy, actively growing stem with at least two to three leaf nodes and make a clean cut with sterilized pruning shears. Prioritize stems with balanced variegation to ensure the new plant inherits these traits.
Allow the cut end to callus in a warm, shaded, dry location for two to three days until a dry, cork-like barrier forms. This callusing prevents rot when planted. Once callused, insert the cutting 1.5 to 3 cm deep into a well-draining succulent soil mix, ensuring at least one node is buried. Delay initial watering for five to seven days to encourage root growth, as variegated cuttings may take up to six weeks to root.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Growers may encounter common issues with Cotyledon orbiculata variegata, often due to improper care. Overwatering frequently causes root rot, manifesting as yellowing or rotting lower leaves and mushy stems. Avoid this by strictly adhering to the “soak and dry” watering method. Conversely, underwatering causes leaves to shrivel, wilt, or dry out, indicating a need for more consistent, though infrequent, hydration.
Insufficient light can result in etiolation, where the plant stretches and becomes leggy, losing its compact form. Moving the plant to a brighter location corrects this. Direct, intense sunlight can cause sunburn (brown or white spots), requiring shade during the hottest parts of the day. The plant can occasionally be susceptible to common pests like mealybugs, which should be addressed promptly with appropriate treatments like insecticidal soap.
Is Variegated Cotyledon Orbiculata Toxic
Cotyledon orbiculata variegata, like other forms of Cotyledon orbiculata, is toxic if ingested. The plant contains bufadienolides, specifically cotyledontoxin, which can be harmful to humans and pets. Ingestion can lead to symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and lethargy in animals. Keep this plant out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.