The Calathea Tigrina, often recognized as the Rattlesnake Plant, is a striking houseplant known for its distinctive foliage. Its deep green leaves feature intricate patterns of tiger-like stripes in shades of silver and olive. Originating from the tropical understory of Central and South American rainforests, this plant also exhibits unique leaf movements, folding up at night and unfurling during the day.
Calathea Tigrina Care
Light Needs
Calathea Tigrina plants flourish in bright, indirect light, mimicking their natural habitat beneath a dense jungle canopy. A north- or east-facing window often provides ideal conditions. Direct sunlight, especially during midday, can cause leaf patterns to fade or scorch. Conversely, insufficient light can result in stunted growth and dull leaf coloration. Rotate the plant periodically to ensure even growth.
Watering Schedule
Maintain consistent soil moisture for Calathea Tigrina, avoiding waterlogging. Water when the top one to two inches of soil feel dry. Overwatering can lead to root rot. Calatheas are sensitive to minerals like chlorine, fluoride, and salts found in tap water, which can accumulate and cause browning or curling leaf edges. Use filtered, distilled, or rainwater to prevent these issues. Allowing tap water to sit out overnight can also help chlorine dissipate.
Humidity Requirements
Due to their tropical origins, Calathea Tigrina plants prefer high humidity, ideally 50% or higher. Low humidity can cause leaf edges to brown, become crispy, or curl. Several methods can increase ambient humidity:
- Place the plant on a pebble tray filled with water, ensuring the pot does not sit directly in the water.
- Regularly mist the leaves for a temporary humidity boost.
- Utilize a humidifier nearby for consistent high humidity levels.
- Group several plants together to create a microclimate with elevated humidity.
Potting Mix
The ideal potting mix for Calathea Tigrina should be well-draining yet retain adequate moisture. Components that promote aeration and prevent compaction are beneficial. Peat moss or coco coir form a good base for moisture retention. Incorporating perlite or orchid bark improves drainage and creates air pockets for healthy root development. A recommended mix includes 25% orchid bark, 25% coconut coir, 25% perlite, 10% worm castings, and a small amount of activated charcoal. The soil pH should be neutral, between 6.5 and 7, as Calatheas do not tolerate acidic conditions.
Ideal Temperature
Calathea Tigrina thrives in warm, stable temperatures. The optimal range is 65°F to 85°F (18°C to 30°C). Temperatures consistently below 60°F (15°C) can cause stress and damage, often evidenced by curling leaves. Shield the plant from sudden temperature fluctuations or cold drafts from windows, doors, or heating/cooling vents. Consistent placement helps maintain a stable environment.
Fertilizing Guidelines
Calathea Tigrina plants benefit from regular fertilization during their active growing season (spring and summer). A balanced liquid fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 NPK ratio, is recommended. Dilute the fertilizer to half or quarter strength to prevent over-fertilization, as Calatheas are light feeders. Fertilize every two to four weeks during this period. During fall and winter, when growth slows, reduce or stop fertilization. Over-fertilization can harm the plant, potentially leading to root burn or leaf damage.
Repotting and Propagation
Repotting
Repotting Calathea Tigrina is typically done every few years to refresh the soil and provide room for root growth. Repot when the plant becomes root-bound, indicated by roots filling and circling the pot. Choose a new pot only one or two inches wider to prevent excess moisture retention. Spring, at the beginning of the growing season, is the best time for repotting.
Carefully remove the plant, gently loosen any circling roots, and place it in the new pot with fresh potting mix. Ensure the plant is at the same soil level as before. After repotting, water thoroughly to settle the soil, minimize transplant shock, and encourage establishment.
Propagation
Propagation of Calathea Tigrina is most effectively achieved through division during repotting. When removing the plant from its pot, you will notice distinct clumps of rhizomes and roots. Carefully separate these clumps, ensuring each new section has a healthy portion of roots and at least one or two leaves. Gently tease apart the root ball to divide the plant into smaller, viable sections. Plant each division into its own pot filled with fresh potting mix. Maintain high humidity and consistent moisture for newly potted divisions to aid establishment.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Browning Leaf Edges
Browning leaf edges often indicate insufficient humidity or water quality issues, such as mineral accumulation from tap water. Increase humidity through misting or humidifiers, and use filtered or distilled water.
Yellowing Leaves
Yellowing leaves may suggest overwatering, which can lead to root suffocation. Allow the topsoil to dry slightly between waterings to prevent this.
Curling Leaves
Curling leaves typically signal a lack of water or excessively dry conditions, as the plant attempts to conserve moisture. Ensure a consistent watering schedule and adequate humidity. Cold temperatures or drafts can also cause curling.
Pests
Common pests include spider mites, mealybugs, aphids, and scale insects, causing stippling, yellowing, or webbing. Regularly inspect and wipe leaves for early detection. Neem oil sprays or insecticidal soap are effective treatments.
Root Rot
Root rot, often from overwatering or poorly draining soil, can lead to wilting and leaf discoloration.
Safety and Placement
Safety
Calathea Tigrina plants are non-toxic to humans and pets, including cats, dogs, and horses, making them a safe choice for homes. While ingestion poses no serious threat, prevent pets from chewing foliage, as large amounts can lead to mild gastrointestinal upset due to fibrous texture.
Placement
Prioritize locations within the home that offer consistent warmth and high humidity. Bathrooms or kitchens are often suitable due to their naturally higher humidity. Place the plant away from direct sunlight, heating or cooling vents, and drafty windows or doors to maintain stable conditions.